活性污泥处理系统耐含盐废水冲击负荷性能

不同含盐量的废水对运行正常的活性污泥处理系统的冲击影响试验结果表明：当处理生活污水的活性污泥系统受到的ＮａＣｌ冲击负荷小于５ｇ／Ｌ时,系统不会受到太大的影响,活性污泥的氧摄入速率（ＯＵＲ）和系统的总有机碳（ＴＯＣ）去除率仍能够保持正常;冲击负荷大于１０ｇ／Ｌ后,盐对活性污泥产生影响,活性污泥ＯＵＲ降低约３５％ ,ＴＯＣ去除率降低约３０％     

除草剂拉索对地下水影响研究

研究了除草剂拉索在滨海冲积沙壤中的残留及其对浅层地下水的影响，并用ＰＲＺＭ模型进行计算机模拟。两年连续试验结果表明，拉索在施药区内的浅层地下水中均有检出。在施药区外１０ｍ处，施药６０ｄ后亦有检出。降雨对其移动影响显。拉索在土壤中残留动态的田间测定结果与计算机模拟基本一致。根据现有结果认为，拉索可在我国使用，但使用地区应作适当限制。     

关于O3和PM2.5协同控制的一些思考

细颗粒物(PM_2.5)和臭氧(O₃)是影响我国环境空气质量持续改善的两个关键污染物,具有一定的同根同源性,具备协同控制的基础条件。通过对现阶段我国实施O₃和PM_2.5协同控制的政策管理、科学机理、技术措施和能力建设等方面的系统分析,建议从国家层面科学划定O₃联防联控区域,优化区域联防联控机制;摸清O₃关键前体物VOCs和NOx的排放基数,建立VOCs分物种清单;量化协同方案,有序开展污染物、区域、行业多角度协同控制;开展O₃和PM_2.5协同机理研究,强化科学研究的支撑作用;开展VOCs综合治理,提高监管执法能力建设。以期实现O₃和PM_2.5短期削峰,长期达标。     

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from domestic strength synthetic wastewater using an alternating pumped flow sequencing batch biofilm reactor

Nutrient removal from domestic strength synthetic wastewater by an alternating pumped flow sequencing batch biofilm reactor (APFSBBR) was investigated in this laboratory study. The APFSBBR comprised two reactor tanks (Reactors 1 and 2) with two identical biofilm modules of vertical tubular plastic media with a high specific surface area, one in each tank. The APFSBBR was operated in cycles of four phases: fill, anaerobic, aerobic, and draw. During the fill phase, Reactor 1 was half-filled with domestic strength synthetic wastewater. During the subsequent anaerobic phase, most of the phosphorus release took place from the submerged biofilm in this reactor. In the aerobic phase, the wastewater was circulated by pumps between Reactors 1 and 2, resulting in denitrification at the start of the aerobic phase due to low oxygen concentrations, followed by nitrification and luxury uptake of phosphorus when oxygen concentrations increased. During the draw phase, Reactor 2 was half-emptied of the treated water. At the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) loading rates on the total biofilm area of 3.20 g COD, 0.33 g TN, and 0.06 g TP m(-2) d(-1), the removal efficiencies were 97, 85, and 92% for COD, TN, and TP, respectively.     

PPAR(K)技术在NO_x浓度预测中的应用

应用投影寻踪自回归技术,建立了大气污染物浓度预测的PPAR(K)模型?该模型用于某市NOx浓度季节均值的预测效果较好?      

塔中油田硫酸盐还原菌恶性繁殖机理分析＊

硫酸盐还原菌等的恶性繁殖使油田生产管线设施腐蚀破坏、结垢堵塞,注入地层后对油层造成伤害。研究发现,塔中油田联合站水体可检测SRB菌数高达2.5×104个/mL,注水管垢含FeS高达29.8%,属硫酸盐还原菌恶性繁殖代谢产物。塔中油田水系统各主要环节中硫酸盐还原菌和硫化氢含量与油田水处理工艺特点密切相关,其中塔中油田联合站完全密闭的水处理压力流程是造成该站硫酸盐还原菌恶性繁殖的主要原因。实验表明,前端适度曝氧、添加H2O2等氧化性杀菌剂和300mg/L冲击式加药等都是抑制硫酸盐还原菌的有效方法。     

中国节能减排的压力与对策

本文分析了我国节能减排的困境与压力,研究提出了推动中国制造到中国设计的转变,实施名牌战略,开征碳转移税,完善指标体系,端正政绩观,全民总动员等节能减排措施。     

Improved method of ecological footprint – Funing County ecological economic system assessments

This paper improves the ecological footprint method by regulating cropland area with cropping index. The results calculated by the improved method are the area of cropland that human needed, but not of cropping. This study analyzes the ecological supply/demand of Funing County in China with improved ecological footprint method. It suggested that ecological remainder per thousand U.S. dollar GDP is regarded as the indicator of regional sustainable development ability and pointed out that the stockbreeding is the keystone factor that affects the regional ecological footprint.     

旱涝趋势的投影寻踪预测模型

介绍了投影寻踪回归（ＰＰＲ）建模的基本原理和算法实现。选用太阳黑子年平均数和旱涝分型的转移概率作因子，建立了长江中下游旱涝趋势的ＰＰＲ预测模型，并与用相同资料建立的Ｂ－Ｐ神经网络模型预测结果进行了比较。     

纳米铁在无扰动厌氧水环境中的腐蚀过程研究

近年来在地下水污染修复方面,纳米铁的应用十分广泛.纳米铁比表面积大,活性高,反应速率快,使其表面腐蚀产物多.因此,纳米铁在地下水中的腐蚀产物矿相的变化及其在污染物去除方面可能产生的影响受到越来越多的关注.本文模拟地下水厌氧环境,对纳米铁在水中的腐蚀产物通过激光拉曼、X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱3种表征手段进行研究.结果表明:纳米铁在厌氧超纯水中的腐蚀产物为大量磁铁矿(Fe_3O_4)并夹杂少量磁赤铁矿(γ-Fe_2O_3)和纤铁矿(γ-FeOOH).在厌氧地下水中还观测到微量四方纤铁矿(β-FeOOH)和菱铁矿(FeCO_3)的存在.