A review on the formation of titania nanotube photocatalysts by hydrothermal treatment

Titania nanotubes are gaining prominence in photocatalysis, owing to their excellent physical and chemical properties such as high surface area, excellent photocatalytic activity, and widespread availability. They are easily produced by a simple and effective hydrothermal method under mild temperature and pressure conditions. This paper reviews and analyzes the mechanism of titania nanotube formation by hydrothermal treatment. It further examines the parameters that affect the formation of titania nanotubes, such as starting material, sonication pretreatment, hydrothermal temperature, washing process, and calcination process. Finally, the effects of the presence of dopants on the formation of titania nanotubes are analyzed.     

生活垃圾与木薯茎共热解制油试验研究

选取木薯茎作为与生活垃圾共热解的试验物料,采用热重分析(TG-DTG)、动力学分析、红外分析(FTIR)等方法,研究不同比例木薯茎对生活垃圾热解产物的影响、最佳添加量及协同作用。结果表明:热解主要分为脱水、热解和炭化3个阶段,生活垃圾与木薯茎混合共热解的温度区间主要在200~550℃;生活垃圾、木薯茎及20%木薯茎与生活垃圾混合的热解活化能分别为50.72、37.72及43.36 k J/mol,添加一定量的木薯茎可以降低生活垃圾热解的表观活化能,并对生活垃圾的热解具有一定的促进作用;木薯茎最佳添加量为20%,热解液的产率提高了6.24%;与生活垃圾单独热解相比,添加20%木薯茎的共热解油中羧酸、醇、酚的含量有所减少,有利于脱氧、脱酸,提高热解油的热值,增加热解液的有机物种类与数量。     

木薯茎低温热解及产物特性研究

为探讨木薯茎低温热解特性,采用热重分析仪、固定床热解实验等对木薯茎低温热解过程进行了研究。结果表明,木薯茎热解可分为脱水、热解、炭化3个阶段;在热解终温为400~700℃范围内,木薯茎的固体产物随温度升高而持续降低,气体产物则随温度升高而不断增大,液体产率先增大后减小,在600℃木薯茎热解液体产率达到最大值45.6%;随后采用红外分析、气相色谱仪、扫描电镜等设备对热解后的液、气、固产物进行分析。结果表明,在热解终温为600℃时,木薯茎热解液的p H值低、氧含量高、热值低,其值分别为2.7~3.1、56.70%、15.3 MJ/kg,红外分析表明木薯茎热解液含较多的酚、醇、羧酸;木薯茎热解气体产物经气相色谱分析主要为CO2、CO、CH4和H2所占比例分别为61.10%、23.74%、10.03%和2.23%;木薯茎热解固体产物中挥发分较低,焦的比表面积为54.12 m2/g。     

西北地区石油,煤炭资源可持续利用战略构想

西北地区石油、煤炭资源丰富,是西北地区经济发展的一大优势。持续开发西北地区石油、煤炭资源,对促进西北乃至全国的经济发展具有重大意义。文章从当前西北地区开发石油、煤炭资源的现状和条件入手,提出这些资源开发和利用的战略构想,并指出保证战略构想实现所应采取的相应措施。     

Impact of socioeconomic and meteorological factors on reservoirs’ air quality: a case in the Three Gorges Reservoir of Chongqing (TGRC), China over a 10-year period

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Three Gorges Dam’s construction and industrial transfer have resulted in a new air pollution pattern with the potential to threaten the...     

Interpreting seawater temperature range using oxygen isotopes and zooid size variation in Pentapora foliacea (Bryozoa)

This is the first investigation of how two independent proxies for seawater temperature inference (zooid size variation and oxygen isotope ratios of skeletal carbonate) relate to the actual measured ranges of temperature experienced by cheilostome bryozoan colonies. Nine specimens of the bimineralic marine cheilostome bryozoan Pentapora foliacea (Ellis and Solander, 1786) were analysed, collected from ~18-m depth at two localities in Wales, UK—four from Skomer Island (51°42′510″N, 5°13′42.60″W) and five from Porth Ysgaden, Lleyn Peninsula (52°54′6.75″N, 4°38′47.34″W). The annual range of temperature implied by zooid size variability provides a good approximation of the actual range of temperature recorded by a datalogger. However, annual ranges of temperature reconstructed from skeletal oxygen isotope ratios were narrower, typically not showing the lowest temperatures experienced by the colonies. This can be explained by progressive thickening of zooid skeletal walls during the life of the colony that homogenises the temperature signal by time-averaging over the lifetime of the colonies. Our study provides evidence that a combined morphological isotope approach has great potential in the reconstruction of annual ranges in seawater temperatures from historical and fossil bryozoans, particularly for species that lack ontogenetic skeletal wall thickening and bimineralic skeletal composition. As cheilostome bryozoans have been common in benthic communities since the Late Cretaceous, they represent a valuable and underutilised resource for the interpretation of environmental regimes.     

地理信息系统支持下的中国农业生产潜力研究

本文在地理信息系统的支持下,分析了全国671个气象台站的30年地面气象资料及地带性或大面积土壤的物化性质及养分状况资料,对影响生产潜力的光、温度、水分、土壤诸要素分别进行了分析、计算,尤其对土壤要素的处理进行了新的尝试,计算了我国的农业生产潜力。     

Climatology,Trend Analysis and Prediction of Sandstorms and their Associated Dustfall in China

Based on statistical data about Sand and Dust Storms (SDS) and their associated dustfall, features of temporal and spatialdistribution were studied first in this article. SDS and associateddustfalls occurred most often in northern China, especiallynorthwestern China. However, in the last two years, they have atendency to occur on the central and western parts of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. As a result, Beijing is now among the impact areas, and the Chinese government is paying greaterattention to the matter. The changing trends of SDS and associated dustfalls were subsequently analyzed. Occurrences were seen to be decreasing with the feature of fluctuation duringthe period of 1954–2001, but they have slightly increased since 2000. Also, climate factors related to SDS and associated dustfalls were discussed. Finally, it was recommended that methods to predict SDS in China be further studied in the future.     

杭州湾海底管线溢油风险及应急措施

以杭州湾海底管线为例,提出海底输油管线穿孔溢油安全应急措施。海底输油管线穿孔后,利用抽油泵抽吸,使海底管线内产生负压,阻止管线内原油外溢,利用SCADA系统进行了模拟试验,结果显示：用抽油泵抽吸能使海底管线产生-0．038～-0．04MPa压力,理论上能将海水吸入,阻止原油外泄。     

非点源污染控制的现状及其立法原则

非点源污染危害规模大,防治困难,已经成为危害中国乃至全球生态环境的一个最重要因素。在管理与控制非点源污染方面,如果仅仅依靠技术层面上和经济层面上的治理,不仅治理难度大,投入成本高,而且在现有的技术条件下效果也不理想。因此,必须从政策法律的层面上来探讨非点源污染的控制。在现有的水污染立法体系中明确非点源污染的指导思想和立法原则,明确法律关系主体间的权利义务,使非点源污染控制有法可依。