电气柜疲劳强度校核及结构优化

针对多孔闭孔型发泡硅橡胶D型空心密封条的超弹性特性,通过试验找出了密封条回弹力与压缩量之间的关系,提出了密封条满足IP X5的判别方程式,同时对方程式进行了试验验证,最后对密封条进行了阿累尼乌斯图寿命推算,为变流器柜门IP防护设计提供了重要参考。     

涪陵页岩气田钻井岩屑资源化利用实践

总结了涪陵页岩气田开发初期钻井岩屑采用固化填埋方式处置存在占地面积大且易产生二次污染隐患等问题,因地制宜地探索钻井岩屑的资源化利用。分析了水基岩屑随钻预处理和油基岩屑热脱附技术,结合钻井岩屑的理化性质,开展了水基岩屑脱水后干渣制路基材料、制砖及水泥窑协同处置,油基岩屑灰渣制混凝土、制砖及水泥窑协同处置的探索和实践,基于环境安全、技术稳定可靠、消纳量大的原则,最终形成了涪陵页岩气田钻井岩屑资源化方案:水基岩屑"随钻预处理、水泥窑协同处置",油基岩屑"热脱附、水泥窑协同处置",实现了钻井岩屑的资源化综合利用。     

Evaluating provincial eco-efficiency in China: an improved network data envelopment analysis model with undesirable output

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, an improved matrix-type network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) model with undesirable output was developed to evaluate the...     

Does regional energy consumption disparities assist to control environmental degradation in OBOR: an entropy approach

China launched the One Belt & One Road (OBOR) initiative to minimize the energy resource shortage. The China’s nearby countries are rich in energy resources especially Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Asian countries which make them ideal locations to cooperate with China in terms of energy resources, as 42.8% of world energy consumption belongs to OBOR countries. The present study elaborates the spatial distribution pattern of energy consumption disparities and its impact on environment. To do this, an entropy approach is utilized to compute the energy consumption inequalities in OBOR and its regions. The spatial and Pareto analysis show that MENA, East, and Southeast Asian economies have the highest degree of energy consumption inequalities, while European and Central Asian economies show the lowest energy consumption inequalities in OBOR region. The long-run estimates indicate that energy consumption inequalities enhance the CO₂ emission in OBOR and its region except South and Southeast Asia. Financial development also has a significantly positive impact on CO₂ emission in all models for OBOR and its regions except East Asia. Based on findings, the spatial distribution analysis is applicable to maintain balance in regional energy consumption inequality within OBOR and its regions.

     

啤酒行业涉氨环境风险特征、评估及防控对策

为了解和掌握啤酒行业涉氨环境风险状况,分析了啤酒行业液氨在运输、贮存和使用过程中的环境风险单元和特征。以典型啤酒厂为例,对其环境风险进行评估,确定环境风险等级,并利用环境风险评价系统(RiskSystem)模型对其在不同风速条件下发生液氨泄漏的环境风险进行了预测分析,进而提出有针对性的环境风险防控对策。研究结果表明:啤酒行业在液氨贮存和运输环节存在较大的环境风险,阀门、法兰、接口等连接部位腐蚀和操作不当是氨泄漏的主要原因。根据典型案例环境风险评估和模拟预测结果,在受体敏感区域环境风险较大,风速对氨泄漏事故的影响范围有较大作用,需要严格预防和加强风险控制。建议国家和地方尽快出台相应的环境风险防范技术规范;涉氨单位应以预防为主,加强环境风险单元和重点环节的隐患排查力度,严格落实风险防控措施和要求。     

一种便携式储油装置的研制与应用

油中溶解气体在线监测因其即时性和连续性的优点,可连续对变压器状态进行有效跟踪及识别,是目前变压器故障诊断的重要手段,为了提高油中溶解气体在线检测装置的准确性,开发、制造了一种用于校准油中溶解气体在线监测装置的储油装置,对该装置进行了油样稳定性与均匀性的实验验证,并将其应用于宁夏电网油中溶解气体在线监测装置的入网校验与现场校验。结果表明：该储油装置操作简单、便于实验室和现场携带运输,其特征气体5日损耗率低于5%,均匀性满足不同取样位置检测值之差小于平均值10%的技术指标。该装置的应用有效发现了部分油中溶解气体在线监测装置的准确性问题。     

地震作用下滑坡水平运动距离概率预测模型∗

地震诱发滑坡失稳是一种常见的地质灾害。如何预测地震作用下滑坡的水平运动距离对该地质灾害的防治具有重要作用。现有经验预测模型存在不能区分有阻碍滑坡和无阻碍滑坡,依据的案例较少且只能提供滑坡水平运动距离的最优估计值而无法提供其预测误差的局限。针对上述不足,首先建立包含380个案例的地震滑坡水平运动距离案例库,基于最大似然法原理,提出可同时考虑有阻碍滑坡和无阻碍滑坡的地震滑坡运动距离经验模型标定方法。单因素回归分析表明,地震作用下滑坡水平运动距离与滑坡垂直运动距离和滑坡体积具有较高的相关性,与滑坡倾角和滑坡表面长宽比相关性较小。在此基础上,通过逐步回归的方法建立滑坡水平运动距离的多因素预测模型。案例分析表明,提出的模型具有较高的预测精度。提出的地震作用下滑坡水平运动距离预测模型可为地震滑坡危险性评价提供参考。     

Road traffic injuries among riders of electric bike/electric moped in southern China

Objective: Electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries have become a burgeoning public health problem in China. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and potential risk factors of electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries among electric bike/moped riders in southern China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was used to interview 3,151 electric bike/moped riders in southern China. Electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries that occurred from July 2014 to June 2015 were investigated. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews and analyzed between July 2015 and June 2017.

Results: The prevalence of electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries among the investigated riders was 15.99%. Electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries were significantly associated with category of electric bike (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.82), self-reported confusion (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI, 1.13–2.78), history of crashes (AOR = 6.14, 95% CI, 4.68–8.07), running red lights (AOR = 3.57, 95% CI, 2.42–5.25), carrying children while riding (AOR = 1.96, 95% CI, 1.37–2.85), carrying adults while riding (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI, 1.23–2.28), riding in the motor lane (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI, 1.05–3.93), and riding in the wrong traffic direction (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI, 1.13–2.35). In over 77.58% of electric bike/moped-related road traffic crashes, riders were determined by the police to be responsible for the crash. Major crash-causing factors included violating traffic signals or signs, careless riding, speeding, and riding in the wrong lane.

Conclusion: Traffic safety related to electric bikes/moped is becoming more problematic with growing popularity compared with other 2-wheeled vehicles. Programs need to be developed to prevent electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries in this emerging country.     

中国省域森林公园旅游产业竞争力的时空演化特征及影响因素

分析我国各省森林公园旅游产业竞争力演变及其影响因素,有助于为处于不同发展阶段和不同发展水平的省份提供产业竞争力方面的指导。首先构建我国港澳台外31省（市、自治区）森林公园的旅游产业竞争力指标体系,然后计算各省旅游产业竞争力得分并分析其时空演变特征,最后采用分位数回归研究影响森林公园旅游产业竞争力空间差异的主要因素。结果表明：中国森林公园旅游产业平均竞争力值较低,区域差异较大,呈现东部向中西部递减的状态;2004~2014年期间西部各省森林公园旅游产业竞争力进步较小,主要原因是受到“短板效应”的制约,表现为西部各省在产业效益方面与东、中部省份存在较大差距;中国的森林公园存在东北和东南两个高层次旅游产业竞争力集聚中心,并存在逐渐向周边地区扩散,带动周边省份提升发展的趋势;回归表明,国家扶持力度、管理投入、资源禀赋、经济基础、品牌效应和交通便利性会在不同分位点上对各省森林公园旅游产业竞争力产生影响。森林公园旅游产业竞争力在不同分位点上影响因素的差异为有针对性的提高各地区竞争力提供了良好的参考。