广州某观测点春季大气样品中二NFDA1英日均浓度变化分析

在广州某商住区楼顶开展为期1个月的大气样品连续采样,利用高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱仪测定了样品中17种毒性二 NFDA1 英(PCDD/Fs)的含量。结果表明,该采样点位样品二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度范围为0.094~1.34 pg I-TEQ/m³,样品日平均浓度相对偏差范围为3.2%~118.8%,6日平均浓度相对偏差范围为1.2%~60.1%,6日平均值更能较好地反映样品长期平均浓度。气象变化对样品中二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度有明显影响,降雨后样品中的二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度明显低于降雨前,降雨前或降雨中样品的二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度与降雨后样品比值最高达到9.0,样品二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度与PM_2.5的线性相关性高于其与TSP、温度相关性,上述三者的r值和P值分别为0.637、-0.296、0.271和0.611、0.326、0.329。     

Assessment of trace element contamination in sediment cores from the Pearl River and estuary,South China: geochemical and multivariate analysis approaches

Twenty-four major and trace elements and the mineralogical composition of four sediment cores along the Pearl River and estuary were analyzed using ICP-AES, ICP-MS, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to evaluate contamination levels. The dominant minerals were quartz, kaolinite, and illite, followed by montmorillonite and feldspars, while small amounts of halite and calcite were also observed in a few samples. Cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to identify the element sources. The highest metal concentrations were found at Huangpu, primarily due to wastewater treatment plant discharge and/or the surreptitious dumping of sludge, and these data differed from those of other sources. Excluding the data from Huangpu, the PCA showed that most elements could be considered as lithogenic; few elements are the combination of lithogenic and anthropogenic sources. An antagonistic relationship between the anthropogenic source metals (K, Ba, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ag, Tl, and U) and marine source metals (Na, Mg, Ti, V, and Ca) was observed. The resulting normalized Al enrichment factor (EF) indicated very high or significant pollution of Cd, Ag, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Pb at Huangpu, which may cause serious environmental effects. Conflicting results between the PCA and EF can be attributed to the background values used, indicating that background values must be selected carefully.     

核化危害源项反演技术现状及研究展望

源项反演对缓解和遏制核化危害源、精准预测核化危害时空传输和扩散情况、辅助作战行动和保障决策等具有十分重要的意义.本文从源项反演应用平台和源项反演关键算法(包括欧拉方法、拉格朗日方法、深度学习等)两个方面,对国内外核化危害源项反演技术的现状和二者间的差距进行了总结与分析.研究指出,利用深度学习提高反演精度和速率、从单污染...     

剑麻纤维基多孔炭材料的制备及其吸附氯苯的研究

以剑麻纤维为原料,通过简易的一步炭化活化法制备了一系列多孔炭材料,分别探究了3种温和的金属盐活化剂、活化剂与剑麻纤维的质量比和活化温度对炭材料的氯苯吸附量的影响,并通过BET、SEM、XRD、Raman、FT-IR、元素分析等手段表征其物理化学性质.结果表明,当采用CuCl₂为活化剂、CuCl₂与剑麻纤维的质量比为10∶1及活化温度为800℃时,制备得到的剑麻纤维基多孔炭(PCC)吸附性能最佳,其在氯苯浓度为1560 mg·m^-3时,吸附量达到856 mg·g^-1,而未经CuCl₂活化的炭材料(PC)的氯苯吸附量仅为15 mg·g^-1.氯苯吸附性能的提升主要归因于比表面积、孔容、无序性和表面含氧官能团的增加.此外,采用巨正则系综蒙特卡洛(GCMC)方法模拟氯苯分子在制备的多孔炭材料中的吸附行为,结果表明,该材料中孔径为0.5 nm的孔对氯苯分子的吸附能力最强,且对氯苯吸附起主导作用的为苯环中心和Cl原子与炭材料上连接含氧官能团的H原子之间的静电作用力.     

侧流FNA抑制的CANON颗粒-絮体复合系统参数优化

为探究侧流游离亚硝酸(FNA)处理抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)策略相关工艺参数的最佳组合,在颗粒-絮体复合系统的全程自养脱氮(CANON)工艺中,采用批次试验探讨污泥沉降时间、FNA处理浓度及处理时间对相关功能菌活性的影响,针对性抑制NOB活性,降低FNA对功能菌活性影响.结果显示,沉降时间影响处理污泥中功能菌群活性,随着沉降时间的延长,排出污泥中厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)活性逐渐减弱.沉降1min后进行排泥排出了大部分NOB并且反应器内保留了尽可能多的AnAOB,此时排出的污泥中AnAOB、氨氧化菌(AOB)和NOB的相对活性分别为15.79%、54.55%和68.63%.综合FNA对NOB和AOB活性的影响,采用0.6mg/L的FNA抑制12h后AOB活性为38.71%,而NOB活性仅为12.5%.响应曲面分析结果显示,FNA处理时间、处理浓度是影响NOB、AOB活性的关键因素.     

节能环保型干熄焦EI综合系统研究与应用

针对干熄焦技术具有提高焦炭质量、减少环境污染、回收红焦显热3大优点,着重介绍了莱钢5#、6#焦炉干熄焦自动化系统的结构及系统功能,详细阐述了系统的控制工艺,并对经济效益进行了测算。     

Penicillin fermentation residue biochar as a high-performance electrode for membrane capacitive deionization

● We have provided an activated method to remove the toxicity of antibiotic residue. ● PFRB can greatly improve the salt adsorption capacity of MCDI. ● The hierarchical porous and abundant O/N-doped played the key role for the high-capacity desalination. ● A new field of reuse of penicillin fermentation residue has been developed. Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) is an efficient desalination technology for brine. Penicillin fermentation residue biochar (PFRB) possesses a hierarchical porous and O/N-doped structure which could serve as a high-capacity desalination electrode in the MCDI system. Under optimal conditions (electrode weight, voltage, and concentration) and a carbonization temperature of 700 °C, the maximum salt adsorption capacity of the electrode can reach 26.4 mg/g, which is higher than that of most carbon electrodes. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of the PFRB electrode were characterized through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with a maximum specific capacitance of 212.18 F/g. Finally, biotoxicity tests have showed that PFRB was non-biotoxin against luminescent bacteria and the MCDI system with the PFRB electrode remained stable even after 27 adsorption–desorption cycles. This study provides a novel way to recycle penicillin residue and an electrode that can achieve excellent desalination.     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液调节池柔性浮盖除臭系统设计与施工

采用柔性浮盖技术,以HDPE土工膜为浮盖材料,并以浙江台州黄岩废弃物生态处理场渗滤液调节池浮盖除臭系统为例,对建立垃圾填埋场调节池"柔性浮盖膜"除臭系统的设计与施工进行了阐述。     

中型景观尺度下斑块类型和地理特征影响杨树人工林干部病害的发生——以河南省清丰县为例

景观病理学在开展病原扩散、病害发生及其严重程度方面以其全新的视角,为森林病害的区域控制提供了新的研究技术及理论支持。首次利用景观病理学原理和方法对河南省清丰县一个中型景观下杨树人工林干部病害发生特征开展了研究,目的是解析在大尺度下斑块类型和地理特征对杨树人工林病害发生的影响。在100 km2的调查区域,以种植方式和林分类型划分斑块类型,分析显示发病株率在不同斑块间差异显著：农田间作斑块的林木发病株率显著低于孤立斑块、纯林斑块、混交林等斑块的发病株率;但发病株率在孤立斑块、纯林斑块及混交林等斑块间无显著差异。抚育管理措施对预防和减轻杨树人工林干部病害的发生起到关键左右：精细管理林分（有修枝、施肥和锄草）的林木发病株率（p=0.001）和发病指数（p〈0.001）均显著低于粗放管理林分（无修枝、无施肥和锄草等）。人类活动,如无序修剪和放牧很可能是造成村落附近林分发病率显著高于其他地点林分的主要原因。采用logistic回归,以品种编号、树龄、树高、林分密度、林分郁闭度、林分类型、斑块类型、地理特征,等为自变量建立病害发生预测模型。方程拟合达到极显著水平（Wald=71.248,p〈0.001）。方程总的预测正确率为68.2%,发病的预测正确率为79.8%。     

则木河断裂变形产物中微观粘滑与蠕滑标志的鉴别

在则木河断裂带宏观研究的基础上,结合岩石破裂实验成果,对包括1850年大震变形带在内的断裂产物进行定向原态采集、固结、制片和镜下系统观测,从复杂纷呈的变形遗迹中鉴别出微观粘滑与蠕滑标志。最后就有关问题进行了简要讨论.