黔川典型白酒多元素组成及其原产地判定研究

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)分析测试黔川三个不同原产地的19个典型白酒样中的48个元素含量组成。对多元素含量进行多维尺度分析(MDS)、方差分析(ANOVA)、主成分分析(PCA)和判别分析(DA)等多变量统计分析,探讨多元素组成对不同原产地白酒溯源的可行性,筛选出白酒原产地判定的有效指标。结果显示,不同原产地白酒样中多元素含量有其各自的分布特征,其中Ca、Na、Fe、Mn、Be、Sc、V、Cu、Ga、Ge、Y、Cs、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Tm、Yb和Lu等23个元素存在显著差异。多维尺度分析和主成分分析将白酒样分成不同类别,其类别与原产地基本一致。通过逐步判别分析,筛选出6个元素指标可判别白酒样的产地来源,依次为Mn、Ga、Sc、V、Na和Cs,整体正确判别率为94.7%。利用多元素指纹技术对白酒原产地判定是可行的。     

贵州省茅台地区土壤中稀土元素含量及空间分布规律研究

采集了茅台地区的116个表层土壤样品,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析了稀土元素(REE)含量。利用地统计学和空间分析等方法,对稀土元素(REE)含量、分异特征、空间分布规律等进行分析和探讨。研究结果表明,研究区表层土壤ΣREE平均含量为287.1μg/g,高于中国大陆土壤(186.8μg/g)和地壳中(207μg/g)稀土元素丰度;轻稀土相对富集,轻重稀土分异程度较大;在成土过程中Ce呈现正异常,Eu呈现负异常;六种主要土壤类型稀土元素含量分异规律为:潮土>紫色土>水稻土>石灰土>黄壤>黄棕壤;研究区表层土壤稀土总含量空间分布起伏变化较大,表现为局部相对高值、低值的斑块状分布。本研究可为茅台地区地质地理环境研究提供相关参考,为茅台酒后备资源基地的合理选址提供科学依据。     

走滑断层作用下跨断层隧洞错断模型试验研究∗

隧洞抗错断研究中,正、逆断层研究较多,走滑断层研究较少。针对走滑断层引起的隧洞变形破坏、应变分布规律以及上覆围岩的破裂形态等关键问题,以滇中引水输水隧洞为依托工程,制作了隧洞模型开展走滑断层作用下断层隧洞的抗错断模型试验研究,得到隧洞在走滑断层断层错动作用下的结构响应规律。结果表明：①隧道衬砌结构在走滑断层作用下的破坏形式是弯曲张拉破坏以及直接剪切组合破坏,其中剪切破坏是主要破坏形式;② 隧道衬砌结构沿纵向以受拉为主,主要集中在活动盘距离错断面?0.5D~2.0D(D 为隧洞直径)范围内的隧洞衬砌顶部以及两侧拱腰沿纵向位置处,而受压区主要在活动盘距离错动面?0.5D~0.5D 内与活动盘移动方向一致的一侧拱腰;环向应变的影响主要集中在断层错动面附近;③活动盘受断层错动影响范围和剧烈程度均小于固定盘,故断层错动作用下的固定盘是隧洞抗错断控制重点。     

小麦籽粒镉含量影响因素Meta分析和决策树分析

快速的城市化、工业化和农业集约化造成了严重的土壤问题,如土壤酸化和镉污染等,严重威胁着中国的粮食安全和人体健康.小麦是中国第二大粮食作物,对镉有较强的积累能力.探明小麦籽粒镉含量的影响因素对保障小麦安全生产至关重要.然而,目前对小麦籽粒镉含量的影响因素还缺乏全面和定量的分析.对近10年发表的56篇相关论文进行Meta分析和决策树分析,结果表明,土壤样点中镉含量超过农用地土壤污染风险筛选值的比例为52.6%,小麦籽粒镉含量超过食品安全国家标准(0.10 mg·kg^-1,GB 2762-2017)的比例为64.1%.土壤理化性质中,pH、有机质、有效磷和土壤全镉含量是影响小麦籽粒镉含量的重要因素.土壤的pH≤5.5和5.5-1≤土壤有机质含量<30 g·kg^-1时,小麦籽粒镉含量超标率最高,为61.0%.农田土壤的pH≥7.1且全镉含量<1.60 mg·kg^-1时有利于小麦安全生产.不同小麦品种籽粒镉含量...     

煤矿矿区复垦植被类型对土壤微生物功能基因和酶活的影响

煤炭的长期开采严重破坏了当地土壤结构和生态环境,通过植被复垦可有效改善生态环境,目前对土壤理化特征和微生物群落结构研究较多,但对土壤矿区土壤功能微生物的研究较少.以山西省大同市晋华宫矿区5个不同植被类型复垦地（侧柏、云杉、油松、樟子松和桧柏）为研究对象,对其土壤理化性质、碳氮磷硫功能基因丰度和土壤酶活进行测定.结果表明,恢复类型对土壤理化性质、土壤酶活和75种功能基因丰度均有显著影响,桧柏林具有最高的总碳、总氮和总硫含量;云杉林具有最高的脱氢酶和脲酶活性,但碱性蛋白酶活性最低,樟子松林的碱性蛋白酶活性最高;云杉林功能基因丰度最高,但多样性指数显著低于其他样地,这可能是由于云杉林中的ureC、acsA和mct丰度占到了52%以上所导致的;土壤脲酶与六大类功能基因丰度有显著相关性;不同植被类型土壤中功能微生物群落β多样性差异显著,可见功能基因能较好地解释植被类型对微生物功能的影响;综合肥力指标指数最高和最低分别是樟子松和侧柏样地.总之,土壤功能基因是指示不同复垦模式对土壤微生物影响的敏感指标,樟子松和云杉是在该矿区更为适宜的复垦树种.     

Effects of warming on leaf non-structural carbohydrates and carbon and nitrogen isotopes of Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings during different seasons北大核心CSCD

To reveal the response of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and carbon and nitrogen isotopes in plant leaves to global warming, we conducted soil warming experiments in the Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem and Global Change National Observation and Research Station of China. We designed two treatments: control (CT) and warming (W; cable heating, +4 ℃). Heating cables were installed 20 cm from each other at a depth of 10 cm and were heated in March 2016. In this study, Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings were used to analyze seasonal changes in leaf non-structural carbohydrates, and carbon and nitrogen isotopes. The results showed that (1) warming significantly reduced the soluble sugar, starch, and NSC content of leaves in spring but without any significant difference during other seasons. (2) Leaf δ13C increased significantly in spring and winter after warming, whereas leaf δ15N did not change significantly. (3) No significant correlation was observed between leaf δ13C, δ15N, or NSC content during the warming treatment, but a negative correlation was observed between leaf δ15N, δ13C, and sugar to starch ratio. A positive correlation between leaf δ15N and starch content was identified. In summary, when temperature increases, plants adjust the NSC content during different seasons for osmotic regulation, change the characteristics of the nutrient cycle, and alter the plant water and nutrient use strategies to maintain plant growth. In the future, we should further study the seasonal variation characteristics of NSC content and isotopes and the relationship between NSC content and the carbon and nitrogen cycles in plants under the context of long-term warming. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Determination of growth kinetics of microorganisms linked with 1,4-dioxane degradation in a consortium based on two improved methods

● Evaluated three methods for determining the consortia’s growth kinetics. ● Conventional method is flawed since it relies on the total biomass concentration. ● Considering only selected bacterial taxa improved the accuracy. ● Considering oligotrophs and copiotrophs further improved the accuracy. The conventional method for determining growth kinetics of microbial consortia relies on the total biomass concentration. This may be inaccurate for substrates that are uncommon in nature and can only be degraded by a small portion of the microbial community. 1,4-dioxane, an emerging contaminant, is an example of such substrates. In this work, we evaluated an improved method for determining the growth kinetics of a 1,4-dioxane-degrading microbial consortium. In the improved method, we considered only bacterial taxa whose concentration increase correlated to 1,4-dioxane concentration decrease in duplicate microcosm tests. Using PEST (Parameter Estimation), a model-independent parameter estimator, the kinetic constants were estimated by fitting the Monod kinetics-based simulation results to the experimental data that consisted of the concentrations of 1,4-dioxane and the considered bacterial taxa. The estimated kinetic constants were evaluated by comparing the simulation results with experimental results from another set of microcosm tests. The evaluation was quantified by the sum of squared relative residual, which was four orders of magnitude lower for the improved method than the conventional method. By further dividing the considered bacterial taxa into oligotrophs and copiotrophs, the sum of squared relative residual further decreased.     

Exposure characteristics of phthalate metabolites among the Zunyi cohort of pregnant women in Southwest China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Reported evidence has increasingly indicated that exposure to phthalates can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, phthalate exposure levels...     

微塑料和镉及其复合对超富集植物生长和富集镉的影响

在生态系统中,微塑料与重金属的共同暴露已然不可避免,目前关于二者复合污染的研究多集中于农作物,而对超富集植物的研究仍比较缺乏.基于此,本文探究了微塑料、重金属镉和二者复合效应对超积累植物东南景天和叶芽鼠耳芥生长特性和镉富集的影响.选取东南景天和叶芽鼠耳芥为试验对象,通过水培试验揭示聚苯乙烯微塑料(mPS,0、100、500 mg·L^-1)与重金属镉(Cd,0、50、200、500、1000μmol·L^-1)单一及其复合污染对两种植物生长（生物量、根长、株高）和镉富集的影响.结果表明,单一微塑料处理下,微塑料对东南景天和叶芽鼠耳芥的生长起促进作用,当微塑料浓度为500 mg·L^-1时,东南景天地上部和根部、叶芽鼠耳芥地上部和根部鲜重较对照组分别增长了25.4%、143.1%、160.6%和127.1%,东南景天和叶芽鼠耳芥的根长较对照组分别显著增加了21.6%和42.3%;单一镉胁迫下,东南景天和叶芽鼠耳芥的生长被抑制,且随着培养液中镉浓度的增加,植株体内的镉含量不断增加;微塑料-镉复合试验(镉浓度200μmol·L     

Effect of BPA on the germination,root development,seedling growth and leaf differentiation under different light conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known environmental toxic substance, which exerts unfavorable effects through endocrine disruptor (ER)-dependent and ER-independent mechanisms to threaten ecological systems seriously. BPA may also interact with other environmental factors, such as light and heavy metals, to have a synergetic effect in plants. However, there is little data concerning the toxic effect of BPA on the primary producers-plants and its possible interaction with light-dependent response. Here, the effects of BPA on germination, fresh weight, tap root length, and leaf differentiation were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana under different parts of light spectrum (dark, red, yellow, green, blue, and white light). Our results showed that low-dose BPA (1.0, 5.0 μM) caused an increase in the fresh weight, the tap root length and the lateral root formation of A. thaliana seedlings, while high-dose BPA (10.0, 25.0 μM) show an inhibition effect in a dose-dependent manner. Unlike karrikins, the effects of BPA on germination fresh weight and tap roots length under various light conditions are similar, which imply that BPA has no notable role in priming light response in germination and early seedling growth in A. thaliana. Meanwhile, BPA exposure influences the differentiation of A. thaliana leaf blade significantly in a light-dependent manner with little to no effect in dark and clear effect under red illumination.