铊在土壤环境中的行为及其生态毒理学研究进展

铊是一种典型的分散、剧毒元素,相较于Cd、Cu、Pb、Hg等常见的重金属元素,铊表现出更高的毒性,但由于其在地壳中丰度低,现有研究及标准制定过程中对其关注较少。伴随着含铊矿石的开采与利用,大量铊被释放到地表环境中,造成严重的土壤和水体铊污染,铊污染防治工作形势严峻。通过整理近年来国内外研究报道和相关规范标准,针对土壤中铊的评价标准、污染现状、迁移转化行为、生态毒性和修复技术等进行了综述,并基于现阶段研究存在的不足,提出了今后的研究方向。     

自动化监控系统在许厂煤矿矿井水处理工程中的应用

介绍了许厂煤矿以工控机作为上位机,C200H系列PLC作为下位机,组态王6.5作为上位机监控软件以及模拟屏等组成的矿井水处理自动化监控系统,系统实现了整个工艺过程的全面监控以及处理工艺的关键环节,即自动加药和自动排泥.     

FTIR在环境毒理学研究中的应用

傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)作为一种常用化学分析方法,与多元统计分析方法相结合,可以识别生物分子的变化情况.红外光谱具有操作简单、快速、灵敏、样品无损等特点,逐渐在环境监测和污染物毒性效应方面被广泛应用.通过研究生物体受到外界胁迫时生物大分子在结构上的变化情况,可从分子水平揭示污染物的毒性效应及其毒性机制.笔者从FT...     

长江典型江段水体PAHs的分布特征、来源及其生态风险

针对我国长江典型江段丰、平、枯不同时期的地表水,采用了固相萃取—气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)的分析技术,调查了16种优先控制多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染状况.研究了长江干流PAHs的污染水平和分布特征,并在定量分析的基础上评估了长江干流PAHs的来源和生态风险.结果显示,Σ₁₆PAHs浓度范围为2.22～1450.91ng/L,均值为107.04ng/L,其中,平水期武汉江段Σ₁₆PAHs浓度最高,均值为1050.64ng/L,长江干流PAHs污染状况与近5a国内其他水体相比处于中等偏低水平.空间分布上长江典型江段地表水中Σ₁₆PAHs从上游攀枝花江段到下游南京江段呈现出先上升后下降的趋势;时间分布上Σ₁₆PAHs的变化趋势为平水期(187.78ng/L)>丰水期(73.30ng/L)>枯水期(38.02ng/L).由同分异构比值法分析表明:在枯水期和平水期中,煤炭、生物质燃烧和石油源是长江干流PAHs的主要来源,而丰水期PAHs主要源于煤炭、生物质燃烧,其中南京江段PAHs的来源较为复...     

Water and sediment quality in Qinghai Lake,China: a revisit after half a century

Qinghai Lake, situated on the Qinghai–Tibet plateau, is the largest lake in China. In this study, the water and sediment quality were investigated in Qinghai Lake, three sublakes, and five major tributaries. Both Na⁺ and Cl^? were found to be the major ions present in Qinghai Lake and the three sublakes, while Ca²⁺ and HCO^3? dominated the tributaries. Compared with historical data from the 1960s, the concentrations of NH₄ ⁺, NO₃ ^?, and soluble reactive silica have increased considerably, likely caused by increased human activities in the area. Compared to the historical data, chemical oxygen demand has increased and lake water transparency has decreased, likely related to an increase in nutrient levels. Relatively high concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were observed in Qinghai Lake sediments, although P fraction types and low water concentrations of these two indicate low possibility of transfer into the water column. The ratios of C/N suggest that the organic matter in the sediments are primarily from autochthonous sources. TN and total organic carbon in the sediment cores increased slowly up the core while TP and total inorganic carbon have been fairly constant.     

烟台西港倾倒区海域浮游生物的群落特征

分析了倾倒活动结束后烟台西港倾倒区海域浮游生物的群落结构特征。结果表明,浮游植物群落具有硅藻为主、甲藻为次的特征,生态性质以温带近岸性物种为主。倾倒区停用后,硅藻数量大幅增加。桡足类、浮游幼虫及毛颚类的强壮箭虫是浮游动物群落的主要组成。浮游动物丰度、生物量与浮游植物丰度变化趋势大体一致。多样性分析表明,浮游生物群落结构比较稳定,倾倒区海域生态环境质量尚好。     

Review on the NO removal from flue gas by oxidation methods

Due to the increasingly strict emission standards of NOx on various industries, many traditional flue gas treatment methods have been gradually improved. Except for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) methods to remove NOx from flue gas, theoxidation method is paying more attention to NOx removal now because of the potential to simultaneously remove multiple pollutants from flue gas. This paper summarizes the efficiency, reaction conditions, effect factors, and reaction mechanism of NO oxidation from the aspects of liquid-phase oxidation, gas-phase oxidation, plasma technology, and catalytic oxidation. The effects of free radicals and active components of catalysts on NO oxidation and the combination of various oxidation methods are discussed in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of different oxidation methods are summarized, and the suggestions for future research on NO oxidation are put forward at the end. The review on the NO removal by oxidation methods can provide new ideas for future studies on the NO removal from flue gas.     

邢台市采暖季PM2.5中水溶性离子污染特征及来源分析

通过监测邢台市2017年11月15日—2018年3月15日采暖期间大气PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子,得到水溶性离子的污染特征,并结合主成分分析方法讨论不同离子的来源。结果表明,邢台市PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子主要由NO~-_3、SO_4~(2-)、NH~+_4组成,分别占总水溶性离子质量浓度的35.2%、25.7%、20.4%;SNA三元相图表明,NH~+_4、SO_4~(2-)、NO~-_3在PM_(2.5)中占比分别为10.6%～40.2%、20.5%～67.1%、26.4%～56.2%;主成分分析结果表明,PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子的主要来源有二次气溶胶、燃煤、交通源、生物质燃烧和土壤尘。     

Origin and vertical variation of the bound fatty acids in core sediments of Lake Dianchi in Southwest China

Based on the molecular distribution of bound fatty acid (BFA) compound classes in core sediments of Lake Dianchi combined with the compound-specific δ¹³C values of the straight-chain BFAs, origin and vertical changes of organic matters in the sediments were investigated. The results indicated a significant change of BFA sources over the past 700 years. Contrast to the low concentrations of the terrestrial BFAs, the abundance of BFAs derived from the plankton/bacteria in the top sections (1944–recent) was more than 80 %. The increasing proportions of the branched and unsaturated BFAs in total fatty acids were closely correlated with the heavy eutrophication and the frequent algal blooms in the decades. Furthermore, the positive shift of δ ¹³C of C16 and C18 (~2?‰) in the upper section might be an indicator of the excess phytoplankton productivity. However, it was found that the plankton/bacteria-derived BFAs were more easily degraded during the early diagenetic process. The special compound carbon isotopic compositions of the long straight-chain BFAs (C24 and C26) in the sediments showed a depletion of heavier δ ¹³C values (ca. ?30?‰) in the midsections (1559–1787), reflecting a relatively growing contribution of C3 plants to C4 plants or that C4 plant growth was inhibited in cold and arid climates during the period.