气相色谱法同时测定空气中五种烷烃类化合物

本文建立了同时测定工作场所空气中5种烷烃类化合物(正戊烷、正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷、正壬烷)的溶剂解吸气相色谱法,对所建立方法测定正辛烷的不确定度进行了评价。结果表明,该方法快速、简单,检出限低,精密度和准确度高,适用于工作场所空气中烷烃类化合物同时测定。     

Conversion relationship between groundwater and surface water in the Taizi River Basin in China based on geochemical and isotopic characteristics

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Stable isotopes (δDVSMOW and δ18OVSMOW) and hydrochemical characteristics were analyzed to determine the groundwater and surface water...     

微波预处理对制革污泥絮凝脱水性能的影响

分别采用微波、絮凝剂和微波联合絮凝剂对制革污泥进行脱水预处理,考察不同处理条件下制革污泥沉降速率(SV30)、毛细吸水时间(CST)和污泥比阻(SRF)的变化,并通过粘度、水分分布和微观结构的变化探讨相关的脱水机理。结果表明,在微波输出功率为648 W、辐射时间为60 s的预处理条件下,阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)投加剂量为8 mg/L时,污泥脱水性能达到最佳。与单独添加絮凝剂的污泥脱水相比,该条件下的SV30、CST和SRF分别降低了25.0%、48.9%和34.7%。污泥絮凝脱水前进行微波预处理能够进一步提高污泥的脱水性能,微波辐射联合CPAM进行污泥脱水时,CPAM则起主要脱水作用。微波辐射通过破坏污泥絮体结构,改变污泥中的水分分布,降低污泥的粘度,从而提高污泥的脱水性能。     

改性海泡石在环境污染治理中的应用

改性海泡石是一种纤维状富镁粘土矿物 ,其独特的层状结构和巨大的比表面使其具有吸附性强、离子交换能力大的特点 ,且具有二次污染小、可重复使用的优点 ,因此在污染治理方面的应用较为广泛。从天然海泡石、改性海泡石的结构与性质的比较上 ,对改性海泡石在废水治理、气体净化、土壤修复等污染治理方面的研究进展进行了评述 ,并对其开发利用进行了分析和探讨。     

Hydrogeochemical tracing of mineral water in Jingyu County,Northeast China

The east Jilin Province in China, Jingyu County has been explored as a potential for enriching mineral water. In order to assess the water quality and quantity, it is of crucial importance to investigate the origin of the mineral water and its flow paths. In this study, eighteen mineral springs were sampled in May and September of 2012, May and September of 2013, and May 2014 and the environment, evolvement, and reaction mechanism of mineral water formation were analysed by hydrochemical data analysis, geochemical modelling and multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that the investigated mineral water was rich in calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, bicarbonate, chloride, sulphate, fluoride, nitrate, total iron, silicate, and strontium, and mineral water ages ranged from 11.0 to more than 61.0 years. The U-shape contours of the mineral ages indicate a local and discrete recharge. The mineral compositions of the rocks were olivine, potassium feldspar, pyroxene, albite, and anorthite and were under-saturated in the mineral water. The origin of mineral water was from the hydrolysis of basalt minerals under a neutral to slightly alkaline and CO₂-rich environment.

     

Seasonal variations and source apportionment of atmospheric PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a mixed multi-function area of Hangzhou,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To reveal the seasonal variations and sources of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during haze and non-haze episodes, daily PM2.5...     

厌氧反应器的发展及ABSBR的工艺特点

新型高效厌氧反应器的发展使生活污水的厌氧处理成为可能.介绍了ABSBR(恒水位操作厌氧生物膜序批式反应器,Anaerobic Biofilm Sequencing Batch Reactor)的工艺特点,并对其处理生活污水进行了初步研究.试验结果表明,ABSBR工艺是活性污泥法与生物膜法的结合,具有强的生物固体截留能力...     

Application of optimal harvesting decision model to the analysis of Chinese forestry economic policy

This paper firstly extends the single period forest optimal harvesting decision model to infinite periods,in order to indicate how to determine the optimal rotation period aimed at maximizing forest revenue in all directions when repeat planting and harvesting trees on the same plot of earth till infinite future.The study also analyzes the influence of discounted rates,timber price,harvesting costs,planting costs,and tax on the determination of optimal rotation period;and how the optimal rotation period will change when we introduce the factors of continuously rising timber price and ecological revenue.Secondly,the authors introduce the intergenerational equity principle into the above model to design a resource-exploiting mode which satisfies bom the dynamic efficiency principle and the intergenerational equity principle.Last but not least,the research applies the above model to the analysis of Chinese forestry economic policy and explains the economic theory of institutions such as Government Purchasing Ecological Forest,Tree Compensation,and Forestry Subsidization,which provides a necessary theoretical foundation for future application of these new institutions.Besides,in regard to mis theoretical framework,the authors analyze the necessity of the Natural Forest Protection and Grain for Green projects which are currently being implemented in China.We also point out the emphasis of work to insure the project sustainable and successful.Finally,the research discusses the enterprise’s incentive to over-the-quota harvesting and the government’s means of restricting such behavior,which highlights the fact mat improved supervision and higher penalties are helpful in restricting over-the-quota harvesting.     

大庆农村的生态环境问题及对策

随着农村经济的发展,农村环境污染和生态破坏问题日益突出,农药、化肥、农膜污染加剧,秸秆焚烧、污水灌溉和养殖业污染日趋严重,乡镇工业污染蔓延,农业生态系统退化,植被破坏、土地退化严重.由于城乡二元结构的存在,城市向农村地区转移污染,公共财政和转移支付中未考虑农村污染治理问题,配套措施不完善,加之农村地区居民公众参与意识薄弱,已成为影响新农村建设的重要障碍.本文着重分析了大庆农村生态环境问题及原因,并提出了一些具体的对策和建议.     

Characteristics of ozone vertical profile observed in the boundary layer around Beijing in autumn

In the autumn of 2008, the vertical profiles of ozone and meteorological parameters in the low troposphere (0–1000 m) were observed at two sites around Beijing, specifically urban Nanjiao and rural Shangdianzi. At night and early morning, the lower troposphere divided into two stratified layers due to temperature inversion. Ozone in the lower layer showed a large gradient due to the titration of NO. Air flow from the southwest brought ozone-rich air to Beijing, and the ozone profiles were marked by a continuous increase in the residual layer at night. The accumulated ozone in the upper layer played an important role in the next day’s surface peak ozone concentration, and caused a rapid increase in surface ozone in the morning. Wind direction shear and wind speed shear exhibited different influences on ozone profiles and resulted in different surface ozone concentrations in Beijing.