大气污染控制有效性的评估模型及应用

基于小波分析理论及BP神经网络,建立了大气污染控制有效性的评估模型.利用该模型解析天津市污染源排放及气象因素对大气污染物环境浓度的影响.结果表明,SO2浓度波动主要由污染源的季节变化引起,与天气过程有关的短期波动也不容忽视;而PM10浓度波动主要由污染源排放及气象条件的短期变化引起.2002~2003年的气象条件总体上不利于大气扩散,使SO2日均浓度长期分量增加约为3μg/m3;而2004年的气象条件有利于大气扩散,使SO2日均浓度长期分量减小约为5μg/m3.PM10日均浓度长期分量也有类似的规律,2002~2003年的不利气象条件使PM10日均浓度长期分量增高更显著,约为10μg/m3.     

Vertical distributions of tropospheric SO2 based on MAX-DOAS observations: Investigating the impacts of regional transport at different heights in the boundary layer

Information on the vertical distribution of air pollutants is essential for understanding their spatiotemporal evolution underlying urban atmospheric environment. This paper presents the SO₂ profiles based on ground-based Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements from March 2018 to February 2019 in Hefei, East China. SO₂ decrease rapidly with increasing heights in the warm season, while lifted layers were observed in the cold season, indicating accumulation or long-range transport of SO₂ in different seasons might occur at different heights. The diurnal variations of SO₂ were roughly consistent for all four seasons, exhibiting the minimum at noon and higher values in the morning and late afternoon. Lifted layers of SO₂ were observed in the morning for fall and winter, implying the accumulation or transport of SO₂ in the morning mainly occurred at the top of the boundary layer. The bivariate polar plots showed that weighted SO₂ concentrations in the lower altitude were weakly dependent on wind, but in the middle and upper altitudes, higher weighted SO₂ concentrations were observed under conditions of middle-high wind speed. Concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis suggested that potential sources of SO₂ in spring and summer were local and transported mainly occurred in the lower altitude from southern and eastern areas; while in fall and winter, SO₂ concentrations were deeply affected by long-range transport from northwestern and northern polluted regions in the middle and upper altitudes. Our findings provide new insight into the impacts of regional transport at different heights in the boundary layer on SO₂ pollution.     

大气颗粒物上多环芳烃的识别和源解析的进展

本文对当前大气颗粒物上ＰＡＨｓ的识别和源解析的定量及定性和半定量的方法进行了综述，定性及半定量方法简便易行，但误差大；化学质量平衡法结果较准确具体，但ＰＡＨｓ会发生化学反应而降解，并且没有各种燃烧源较完整的ＰＡＨｓ成份谱，这已成为ＣＭＢ广泛推行的障碍；多元统计方法不考虑ＰＡＨｓ的降解，但要求数据量大，国内外的科学工作者用不同的方法和手段，使ＰＡＨｓ来源的识别和源解析工作有了一定进展。     

微生物降解有机磷农药的研究进展

利用微生物及其酶降解有机磷农药行之有效。以乐果、甲基对硫磷、甲胺磷、杀螟硫磷和毒死蜱为有机磷农药的代表,从可降解这些有机磷农药的微生物的筛选、基因工程菌的构建、生物降解酶的研究及其应用3个方面进行了综述,指出了未来的研究方向。     

钙法烟气脱硫技术研究进展

综述了湿法、干法与半干法3种钙法烟气脱硫技术的主要特点、脱硫机理及主要影响因素。对3种方法在脱硫过程中出现的问题进行了分析并提出了相应的对策。     

催化湿式氧化法处理三环唑生产废水

在高压釜中进行了三环唑农药生产敦水间歇催化湿式氧化试验，结果表明，该法处理高浓度有有毒有机废水是有效的。在试验条件下，ＣＯＤ去除率达８０％。反应温度对处理效果影响最大，铜系催化剂具有较高的催化活性。     

浙江省生态补偿的实践与效益评价研究

浙江省通过完善生态补偿收费制度、优化财政转移支付结构、探索建立排污权有偿使用和交易制度等形式,调动各地保护生态环境的积极性,促进了生态环境的改善和发展方式的转变,是全国第一个在省域范围内由政府提出完善生态补偿机制意见的省份。本文回顾了近些年浙江省在生态补偿方面的实践与成效,探索建立定量化的生态补偿效益评价方法,对生态补偿政策给生态环境及区域经济带来的影响进行科学评价,较准确的评价出生态补偿政策的实施效果。     

活性炭纤维对水中低浓度柴油的吸附特性研究

研究了活性炭纤维(ACF)对水中低浓度柴油的吸附特性。通过静态吸附试验,考察了吸附时间、温度和pH等因素对吸附速率和吸附行为的影响。结果表明:ACF吸附速度快,35 min去除率达81.5%;在10～30℃范围内吸附温度越高效果越好,10℃吸附1 h时的去除率为91.4%;pH适应范围广,2.7相似文献   

气象因素对环境空气质量达标的影响分析

以天津市为例,分析地面风场、大气层结及天气形势等主要污染气象参量的特征及其与环境空气质量的相关关系;估算高、低污染潜势的天气背景对大气污染物浓度的影响幅度;提出在天气气候分类的基础上,建立气象条件标准化分级,评估气象条件对环境空气质量影响水平的方法。研究表明:天津市采暖季高污染的天气形势出现的频率约为34%,而非采暖季高污染的天气形势出现的频率约为16%,ISCLT3模型模拟结果显示相应于相同的污染源排放数据库由于采暖季和非采暖季气象条件不同引起的SO2全市平均浓度的差异约在10%以上。污染源源强相对稳定的条件下,高污染潜势的天气背景对空气污染的加剧作用大于低污染潜势的天气背景对空气污染的减轻作用。     

Diverse molecular compositions of dissolved organic matter derived from different composts using ESI FT-ICR MS

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from various composts can promote significant changes of soil properties. However, little is known about the DOM compositions and their similarities and differences at the molecular level. In this study, the molecular compositions of DOM derived from kitchen waste compost (KWC), green waste compost (GWC), manure waste compost (MWC), and sewage sludge compost (SSC) were characterized by electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS). The molecular formulas were classified into four subcategories: CHO, CHON, CHOS, and CHONS. The KWC, MWC, and SSC DOM represented the highest fraction (35.8%-47.4%) of CHON subcategory, while the GWC DOM represented the highest fraction (68.4%) of CHO subcategory. The GWC DOM was recognized as the nitrogen- and sulfur-deficient compounds that were less saturated, more aromatic, and more oxidized compared with other samples. Further analysis of the oxygen, nitrogen-containing (N-containing), and sulfur-containing (S-containing) functional groups in the four subcategories revealed higher organic molecular complexity. Comparison of the similarities and differences of the four samples revealed 22.8% ubiquitous formulas and 17.4%, 11.1%, 10.7%, and 6.3% unique formulas of GWC, KWC, SSC, and MWC DOM, respectively, suggesting a large proportion of ubiquitous DOM as well as unique, source-specific molecular signatures. The findings presented herein provide new insight into the molecular characterization of DOM derived from various composts and demonstrated the potential role of these different compounds for agricultural utilization.