有机溶剂对苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)几丁质酶的影响

以苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)的发酵液为材料,经硫酸铵分级分离、DEAE-32离子交换柱层析分离,获得部分纯化的Bt几丁质酶(EC3. 2. 1. 14)制剂.研究了几种有机溶剂对Bt几丁质酶的影响.结果表明,甲醇、丙三醇、甲醛和戊二醛对几丁质酶有抑制作用;乙醇、丙醇、乙二醇和二甲亚砜在低浓度时对酶有激活作用,随着浓度的升高表现出抑制作用;二氧六环的浓度低于 5%时,对酶的影响不明显,而高于 5%时,对酶则有激活作用;丙酮对酶有激活作用. 图 1参 10     

塔克拉玛干4种荒漠植物气体交换与环境因子的关系初探

研究了4种荒漠植物）胡杨，疏叶骆驼刺，头状沙拐枣，多枝柽柳）气体交换的季节变化及其与环境因子的关系。结果：（1）外界环境因子中，无论是对光合速率还是蒸腾速率，光照强度都是最重要的主导因子，其次是气温，大气湿度与植物的蒸腾速率成负相关，影响程度因不同植物及其环境因子的情况而有所不同。（2）在气温越高的地方，荒漠植物的温度生态位（包括最适温度和极限温度）也随之增高。（3）水分胁迫影响气温和叶温的差异，4种植物都能调整其叶温，使之低于沙漠地区的极度高温。     

碲化镉量子点暴露对小鼠凝血相关因子的影响

研究碲化镉量子点(cadmium telluride quantum dots, Cd Te QDs)对小鼠凝血相关因子的影响,进一步探讨QDs的心血管毒性机制。将48只雄性ICR小鼠随机分成6组,每组8只。分别使用不同剂量(0.15μmol·kg~(-1)、1.5μmol·kg~(-1)和15μmol·kg~(-1))的Cd Te QDs和生理盐水一次性经尾静脉注射染毒小鼠1 d,15μmol·kg~(-1)剂量的Cd Te QDs染毒3 d和7 d,检测小鼠血浆中凝血相关因子的含量变化。结果显示,与对照组相比,随着染毒剂量增加小鼠组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)和纤维蛋白原(FIB)含量逐渐增高,组织因子途径抑制物(TFPI)含量逐渐降低,具有明显的剂量-效应关系。除15μmol·kg~(-1)剂量组外,组织因子(TF)、凝血因子XII(FXII)和纤溶酶原(Plg)含量具有升高的趋势,抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)含量则无明显变化;随着染毒时间增加,TF、FXII、FIB、Plg和t-PA含量有明显的先升高后降低的变化趋势,TFPI含量在1 d达到最低,之后逐渐升高,AT-Ⅲ含量则在7 d达到最低。Cd Te QDs急性染毒可引起小鼠血浆中TF、FXII、FIB、TFPI、Plg和t-PA的含量明显改变,并且具有不同的变化趋势。提示Cd Te QDs可能会激活凝血系统和纤溶系统,抑制抗凝系统,从而引起凝血功能紊乱。     

不同来源的苏云金芽孢杆菌aiiA基因表达及其抗病性分析

苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)aiiA基因所编码的AiiA蛋白是一种内酯酶,可以降解N-乙酰高丝氨酸内酯(N-acyl-homoserine lactones,AHLs),从而减弱致病菌产生的危害.本研究克隆了6株不同来源的苏云金芽孢杆菌aiiA基因,并对来自于苔藓(LLB15)和土壤(LLS9)的BtaiiA基因进行了生物信息学分析.结果表明,AiiA-B15分子量为27.97×103,等电点为4.59;AiiA-S9分子量为28.14×103,等电点为4.32,两者都是亲水性蛋白.AiiA蛋白具有很高的保守性,AiiA-B15和AiiA-S9同源性为90%.进化树结果表明,AiiA-B15与Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.kyushuensis进化距离最近,AiiA-S9与Bacillus cereus进化距离最近.将aiiA-B15基因克隆到pGEX-4T-3表达载体中,构建重组质粒pGEXaiiA-B15,IPTG诱导后可大量表达融合蛋白.对表达的条件进行优化.结果表明,0.6mmol/LIPTG,30℃下诱导3h为最佳诱导条件.致病性检测表明,该融合蛋白对胡萝卜欧文氏软腐病菌具有较强的抗病作用.图13表4参23     

Zn2+ loading as a critical contributor to the circ_0008553-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation in response to PM2.5 exposures

Inflammation is a major adverse outcome induced by inhaled particulate matter with a diameter of ≤ 2.5 µm (PM_2.5), and a critical trigger of most PM_2.5 exposure-associated diseases. However, the key molecular events regulating the PM_2.5-induced airway inflammation are yet to be elucidated. Considering the critical role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in regulating inflammation, we predicted 11 circRNAs that may be involved in the PM_2.5-induced airway inflammation using three previously reported miRNAs through the starBase website. A novel circRNA circ_0008553 was identified to be responsible for the PM_2.5-activated inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) via inducing oxidative stress. Using a combinatorial model PM_2.5 library, we found that the synergistic effect of the insoluble core and loaded Zn²⁺ ions at environmentally relevant concentrations was the major contributor to the upregulation of circ_0008553 and subsequent induction of oxidative stress and inflammation in response to PM_2.5 exposures. Our findings provided new insight into the intervention of PM_2.5-induced adverse outcomes.     

蔬菜对重金属富集能力的研究--以广州蔬菜生产基地为例

通过调查广州蔬菜生产基地蔬菜地土壤和主要蔬菜重金属污染状况，运用数理统计方法研究和比较了不同蔬菜对Pb、Hg、Cd、Cr和As的富集能力。结果表明：各种蔬菜对重金属元素的富集能力与蔬菜生长特性以及与不同蔬菜对重金属元素吸收特性(遗传特性)的差异性密切相关，以富集系数表示蔬菜对元素富集能力高低，按平均值大小对不同蔬菜富集系数进行排序并分类。     

不同取样方式对煤层瓦斯含量测定的研究分析

快速实现原位取样是准确测定煤层瓦斯含量的基础,为研究不同取样方式对瓦斯含量测定的影响,以淮南潘二煤矿11223工作面为例,对比深孔定点取样与孔口接粉取样方式下取样效果,并对采取的煤样利用直接法进行瓦斯含量测定对比分析。结果表明:深孔定点取样装置满足现场取样要求,且采用深孔定点方式取样可提高瓦斯含量测定准确性。     

带压注浆封孔技术在汪家寨煤矿的应用

为改进汪家寨煤矿的瓦斯抽采钻孔封孔技术,提高封孔质量,针对目前封孔工艺存在的问题,提出以新型无机封孔材料、封孔器为一体的"两堵一注"带压注浆封孔技术。现场的应用试验表明,考察期内试验钻孔平均瓦斯体积分数达到了60%以上,有效提高试验钻孔的封孔质量,为下一步的封孔工艺优化改进提供了参考及建议。     

Relationship between metabolic enzyme activities and bioaccumulation kinetics of PAHs in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Many studies have investigated bioaccumulation and metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic organisms. However, lack of studies investigated both processes simultaneously, and the interaction between these two processes is less understood so far. This study investigated the bioaccumulation kinetics of PAHs and metabolic enzyme activities, including total cytochrome P450 (CYPs) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), in zebrafish. Mature zebrafish was exposed to the mixture of phenanthrene and anthracene under constant concentration maintained by passive dosing systems for 16 days. The results showed that PAH concentrations in zebrafish experienced a peak value after exposure for 1.5 days, and then decreased gradually. The bioaccumulation equilibrium was achieved after exposure for 12 days. Both of the uptake rate constants (k_u) and the elimination rate constants (k_e) decreased after the peak value. The variation of PAH concentrations and metabolic enzyme activities in zebrafish had an interactive relationship. CYPs and T-SOD activities increased initially with the increase of PAH concentrations, but decreased to the lowest state when PAH concentrations reached the peak value. When the bioaccumulation equilibrium of PAHs was achieved, CYPs and T-SOD activities also reached the steady state. In general, CYPs and T-SOD activities were activated after exposure to PAHs. The decrease of PAH concentrations in zebrafish after the peak value may be attributed to the great drop of k_u and the variation of CYPs activities. This study suggests that an interactive relationship exists between bioaccumulation kinetics of PAHs and metabolic enzyme activities in aquatic organisms.     

湖泊沉积多指标记录的长寿湖近60年来营养化过程

长寿湖位于重庆市长寿区境内,是重庆市最大的湖泊旅游风景区和淡水鱼养殖基地之一。近年来,其营养化日趋严重。本文通过对有机质碳、氮含量、碳氮比值、有机质碳同位素等有机质指标的分析,结合~(137)Cs放射性核素定年,探讨了长寿湖近60年来有机质转化及营养演化过程。结果表明:长寿湖有机质主要来源于水生植物藻类,受陆源影响较小;湖泊环境演化分为两个截然不同的阶段:1980年以前,有机质碳、氮含量较低,C/N比值较小,有机质碳同位素值较大,暗示湖泊营养环境为贫营养化。1980年以后,有机质碳、氮含量较高,C/N比值较大,有机质碳同位素值偏负,说明湖泊已经处于营养化阶段,人为活动的增强及养殖业的发展是导致湖泊生产力增大的主要因素。长寿湖沉积物多指标忠实记录了湖泊环境的演化过程。