墨江县通关镇卡房村环境综合整治研究

分析了我国农村环境污染问题及成因,总结了墨江农村环境整治现状。深入调查了卡房村污染状况,核算了污染负荷,摸清了污染原因,提出了对其进行农村综合整治的思路和措施,并进行了效益分析。     

An empirical research on the determinants of Chinese college students’ carbon label cognition and interpersonal communication willingness

Carbon labels are innovative medium and tools for climate change communication and low-carbon marketing. This study aims at examining how college students are aware of low-carbon and carbon labels, whether they are more willing to communicate low-carbon ideas, and also the determinants affecting their interpersonal communication of carbon labels. The multiple regression analysis shows that Chinese college students’ willingness of interpersonal communication of carbon labels are significantly influenced by their awareness of climate change crisis, the perceived value of carbon labels, the consideration of product environmental attributes, the preferences of carbon labels, the household background, and their educational background. In response to these factors, this paper proposes, in a public perspective, the strategies to enhance the dissemination of carbon labels.     

高含铁废酸液处置工程实例

某煤业有限公司清洗锅炉产生的废液中含有大量的铁离子与H^+,具有腐蚀性危险特性,属于危险废物。本工程实例利用酸碱中和及氧化絮凝沉淀的原理,消除了该废酸液的腐蚀性危险特性,同时降低了废酸液中的铁离子以及废酸液的色度、浊度,为后续的深度治理提供了便利。对高含铁废酸液的治理有一定的借鉴意义。     

巴颜喀拉山高寒草地及其退化的遥感研究─—以巴颜喀拉山达日县段为例

本文应用遥感技术，探讨了巴颜喀拉山北坡－青海省达日县段高寒草地资源及其退化高山草甸草地的成因、分布和判断标志，将研究区划分为5个草地类型和3个退化草地型，重点分析了高山草甸草地退化的主要原因和影象特征．     

Evaluating the impact of criminalizing drunk driving on years of life lost due to road traffic deaths in one megacity,China

Objective: Road safety is an important public health issue worldwide. However, few studies have analyzed the association between criminalizing drunk driving and years of life lost (YLL) due to road traffic deaths (RTDs). Our study can provide useful information about this policy.

Methods: We used interrupted time-series analysis to find the changes in monthly YLL and RTD before and after law enforcement began using RTD data from 2008 to 2014 in Tianjin.

Results: After adjustment for seasonality, months, holidays, and the number of people in each district, criminalizing drunk driving was followed by a 11.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–21.1%) reduction in risk of RTDs and a corresponding 778.1-year (95% CI, 200–1,355.1) reduction in monthly YLL. The reduction in YLL was especially significant among males, those aged 16–64 years old, and suburban residents.

Conclusions: This study highlights that the law can lead to a reduction in YLL due to RTDs in Tianjin, China. Large immediate public health benefits resulted from the new road traffic law in China. YLL provides a complementary measure for examining the effect of criminalization on drunk driving RTDs.     

High spatial and seasonal heterogeneity of pCO2 and CO2 emissions in a karst groundwater-stream continuum,southern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Accurate quantification of the emission of CO2 from streams and rivers is one of the primary challenges in determining the global carbon budget...     

镉在日本无刺楤木叶片的积累与对其抗氧化系统的影响

为考察镉对日本无刺楤木(Aralia elata var. inermis)生长及品质安全性的影响,采用生物盆栽法研究镉处理对不同生长期楤木叶片抗氧化系统影响及与镉含量关系。结果表明:展叶末期楤木叶片镉含量较少,镉对楤木叶片抗氧化能力有促进作用,随着处理量增加,叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性、叶绿素含量先增大后减小,镉对过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性影响较强,可使其降至对照的30%,丙二醛(MDA)含量呈一定的先下降后上升的变化。生长中期POD活性达整个生长期最低;随着镉处理量增加,CAT活性先增强后减弱,但明显高于对照;叶绿素含量降幅各生长期最大,最低为对照69.1%;MDA含量则有显著增加。落叶初期叶片镉含量达到同处理最大;随着镉处理量的增加,POD活性持续减弱,CAT活性先增强后减弱,所受影响小于生长中期;叶绿素含量持续下降;落叶初期MDA含量在低量镉处理中降低,高量镉处理下继续升高。     

外源甜菜碱对苋菜抗盐性与累积重金属特性的影响

用不同盐分(0.2%、0.4%)、重金属污染土壤进行盆栽实验,研究叶面喷施不同浓度甜菜碱(GB,1、10、50 mmol·L-1)对苋菜抗盐性与重金属累积的影响.结果表明,0.4%重度盐分胁迫下,喷施50 mmol·L-1甜菜碱可大幅提高苋菜茎叶部游离脯氨酸和总游离氨基酸含量;盐分胁迫抑制了苋菜根系对Ca、Mg、K、Fe的吸收,而叶面喷施甜菜碱可显著增强对Ca、Mg、K、Fe的吸收,K/Na、Ca/Na比值随着甜菜碱剂量的增加而逐渐增大.在0.4%盐分下,喷施50 mmol·L-1甜菜碱促使根系K/Na、Ca/Na比值分别增加了40.4%、34.1%,说明盐分越高,外源甜菜碱对苋菜抗盐性更明显.盐分胁迫下,外源甜菜碱明显提高了苋菜根系重金属Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn的含量.在0.4%盐分与喷施50 mmol·L-1甜菜碱条件下,苋菜根系对各重金属的累积增幅分别为22.1%、127.1%、63.4%、61.1%、56.1%.由根系重金属与盐分离子的相关性分析可知,0.4%盐分处理后,Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn与盐分离子、重金属的吸收变化呈显著正相关(p0.01);而在0.2%盐分处理下,只有Na与Ca、Cd与Cr、Cu与Zn的吸收变化呈显著正相关(p0.01).说明盐分含量较高,外源甜菜碱对苋菜抗盐胁迫效果越明显,对必需元素及其伴随吸收的非必需重金属元素吸收增加也越明显.     

畜禽养殖过程抗生素使用与耐药病原菌及其抗性基因赋存的研究进展

兽用抗生素在提高畜禽生产性能、防治疾病方面发挥着重要作用,目前全球超过一半以上抗生素用于畜禽养殖,畜禽养殖源耐药病原菌、抗性基因及其传播风险愈益得到人们的重视。我国是畜禽养殖和抗生素使用大国,但兽用抗生素使用、病原菌耐药水平及其抗性基因类型等数据却较为缺乏,不利于今后畜禽养殖源耐药病原菌及其传播风险的控制。因此,本文通过文献调研,对我国和主要发达国家的兽用抗生素使用情况、畜禽养殖源耐药病原菌及其携带的抗性基因、基因移动元件以及向环境传播的途径进行分析、总结,以期为规范合理用药、降低耐药病原菌及其抗性基因传播风险,建立从畜禽养殖场至公共环境全过程的抗性污染控制链条提供借鉴。     

高超声速钝锥等离子体鞘套电波传播特性研究

目的改进现阶段地面指控站对临近空间高超声速飞行器的通信和测控效果。方法采用计算流体动力学技术模拟钝锥体在不同高超声速飞行条件下的头身部绕流流场特性,并运用相关公式建立钝锥等离子体鞘套电磁模型。然后运用改进的移位算子时域有限差分方法计算电磁波经过等离子体鞘套的传播特性。结果计算结果表明,电磁波在等离子体鞘套内的传播特性在频率处于最大等离子体频率附近时发生转折,电磁波通过等离子体鞘套的透射效果与飞行工况和入射波条件密切相关。相对其他入射角度,当电磁波垂直于飞行体物面入射到等离子体鞘套尾部时的电磁波衰减较小。飞行高度增加或飞行速度减小时,等离子体鞘套对电磁波的衰减效应将减弱。结论该研究可为有效测控临近空间高超声速飞行器、缓解再入通讯中断现象提供一定的技术突破方法。