轴心受压钢筋混凝土柱等效火灾荷载的计算

迄今为止，国内外有关计算构件耐火极限的方法，是钢筋混凝土构件与防火研究的主要内容。而在结构设计中，由于直接考虑的是荷载作用，为此提出了一个新概念——等效火灾荷载，将火灾对结构的影响直接考虑成荷载作用。在确定了混凝土柱的截面温度场后，利用一种简化计算方法计算出钢筋混凝土柱的等效火灾荷载，进而计算出钢筋混凝土柱的耐火极限。在火灾中，作为结构最基本的构件柱可能受到单面或多面的火作用，这里仅介绍轴心受压钢筋混凝土柱等效火灾荷载的计算。     

US/Fenton试剂协同处理焦化废水的研究

采用US (超声波)协同Fenton试剂氧化法处理焦化废水,考察了H2O2投加量、Fe2 投加量、废水的pH、反应时间和超声波功率对处理效果的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件.结果表明,在H2O2投加量7.0 g/L;Fe2 投加量500 mg/L;pH=3.0; 反应时间 40 min; 超声波功率 600 W 的条件下,COD、NH3-N、CN-和色度的去除率分别达95.8%、71.3%、69.5%和75.2%,出水COD降至41.0 mg/L.在相同条件下,US/Fenton试剂协同法的处理效率比单独Fenton试剂氧化法的处理效率提高了约20%,且反应时间显著缩短.     

Comparison of different liquid anaerobic digestion effluents as inocula and nitrogen sources for solid-state batch anaerobic digestion of corn stover

Effluents from three liquid anaerobic digesters, fed with municipal sewage sludge, food waste, or dairy waste, were evaluated as inocula and nitrogen sources for solid-state batch anaerobic digestion of corn stover in mesophilic reactors. Three feedstock-to-effluent (F/E) ratios (i.e., 2, 4, and 6) were tested for each effluent. At an F/E ratio of 2, the reactor inoculated by dairy waste effluent achieved the highest methane yield of 238.5 L/kgVS_feed, while at an F/E ratio of 4, the reactor inoculated by food waste effluent achieved the highest methane yield of 199.6 L/kgVS_feed. The microbial population and chemical composition of the three effluents were substantially different. Food waste effluent had the largest population of acetoclastic methanogens, while dairy waste effluent had the largest populations of cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacteria. Dairy waste also had the highest C/N ratio of 8.5 and the highest alkalinity of 19.3 g CaCO₃/kg. The performance of solid-state batch anaerobic digestion reactors was closely related to the microbial status in the liquid anaerobic digestion effluents.     

The fragmentation patterns of maternal plasma cell-free DNA and its applications in non-invasive prenatal testing

The discovery of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma has opened up new promises for the development of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Application of cfDNA in NIPT of fetus diseases and abnormalities is restricted by the low amount of fetal DNA molecules in maternal plasma. Fetus-derived cfDNA in maternal plasma are shorter than maternal DNA, thus leveraging the maternal and fetus-derived cfDNA molecules size difference has become a novel and more accurate method for NIPT. However, multiple biological properties such as size distribution of plasma DNA, proportion of fetal-derived DNA and methylation levels in maternal plasma across different gestational ages still remain largely unknown. Further insights into the size distribution and fragmentation pattern of circulating plasma cfDNA will shed light on the origin and fragmentation mechanisms of cfDNA during physiological and pathological processes in prenatal diseases and enhance our ability to take the advantage of plasma cfDNA as a molecular diagnostic tool. In the review, we start by summarizing the research techniques for the determination of the fragmentation profiles of cfDNA in maternal plasma. We then summarize the main progress and findings in size profiles of maternal plasma cfDNA and cffDNA. Finally, we discuss the potential diagnostic applications of plasma cfDNA size profiling.     

Effect of ozone injection on the long-term performance and microbial community structure of a VOCs biofilter

For biofilters treating waste gases containing volatile organic compounds(VOCs), biomass accumulation is a common problem which will induce bed clogging and significant decrease in VOCs removal efficiency during long-term operation. In this study, ozone injection was developed as a biomass control strategy, and its effects on the biofilter performance and the microbial community structure were investigated in long-term operation. Two biofilters,identified as BF1 and BF2, were operated continuously for 160 days treating gaseous toluene under the same conditions, except that 200 mg/m3 ozone was continuously injected into BF1 during days 45–160. During the operation period, ozone injection did not change the toluene removal efficiency, while the pressure drop of BF1 with ozone injection was significantly lowered compared with BF2. The wet biomass accumulation rate of BF1 was 11 g/m~3/hr, which was only46% of that in BF2. According to the carbon balance result, ozone injection also increased the toluene mineralization rate from 83% to 91%, which could be an important reason for the low biomass accumulation. The PMA-q PCR result indicated that ozone injection increased the microbial viability of the biofilm. The high-throughput sequencing result also revealed that the dominant phyla and genera were not changed significantly by ozone injection, but some ozonetolerant genera such as Rhodanobacter, Dokdonella and Rhodococcus were enhanced by ozone exposure. All the results verified that ozone injection is capable of sustaining the long-term performance of biofilters by lowering the biomass accumulation, increasing the microbial viability and changing the microbial community structure.     

Regulating the hydrolysis of organic wastes by micro-aeration and effluent recirculation

In this study, the effects of micro-aeration and liquid recirculation on the hydrolysis of vegetable and flower wastes during two-phase solid–liquid anaerobic digestion were assessed. To accomplish this, we evaluated the hydrolysis of five batches of waste that were treated under the following conditions: anaerobic, insufficient micro-aeration (aeration for 5 min every 24 h), and sufficient micro-aeration (aeration for 5 min every 12, 4 and 1 h). Hydrolysis was found to depend on the level of micro-aeration. Specifically, insufficient micro-aeration led to unstable and decreased performance. Conversely, sufficient micro-aeration promoted the hydrolysis of easily biodegradable carbohydrates and proteins, but the microbial activity was later impaired by liquid recirculation using methanogenic effluent. The hydrolysis efficiency under anaerobic conditions was comparable to the efficiency observed under sufficient micro-aeration, while the cumulative TOC of the anaerobic batch was 1.4–2.4 times higher than that of the micro-aerated batches. In addition, liquid recirculation did not have a negative effect on the development of microbial activity under anaerobic conditions, which resulted in the lignocelluloses having a higher hydrolysis efficiency.     

地裂缝上框架结构的抗震性能分析

地裂缝是严重影响我国人类生活、生产建设的主要地质灾害之一,是一种独特的地质灾害,近年来已引起人们的关注,它广泛分布于全国许多地方。框架结构是一种广泛使用的结构形式。由于人类活动或地质构造运动形成地裂缝,进而造成房屋开裂或倾斜。该文针对位于抗震设防区的框架结构房屋,分别用底部剪力法和PKPM静力分析法,来定量研究在地裂缝影响下框架结构的抗震性能,为双重灾害影响下结构抗震鉴定加固提供依据。     

澳大利亚碳交易体系下的经济援助系统

澳大利亚碳交易机制正式实施,配套的经济援助系统为其提供了合理、合法、全方位的保障措施,为企业转向清洁生产提供良好的过度环境。援助系统主要分为工业援助与居民援助两大部分,对澳大利亚碳交易机制的经济扰动进行了系统调节。这些援助系统的设计优点可为中国碳交易市场建设提供经验借鉴。