Microbial functional genes reveal selection of microbial community by PAHs in polluted soils

This report shows an increase of PAH-related microbial functional genes with PAH concentration in soils. Adaptation of microbial communities to organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a crucial issue. However, there is little knowledge on mechanisms ruling microbial community selection. Here, we studied microbial functional genes in soils contaminated by PAHs. We used GeoChip, an advanced functional gene array for gene analysis. Soil PAH concentrations were measured and microbial functional genes were categorized. PAH-related microbial functional genes, bph, nah, nidA, phd, dfb, and qor, were quantitatively expressed. Total microbial functional genes and PAH-related microbial functional genes were compared with PAH concentration by cluster analysis and curve-fitting analysis. We found that the average abundance of PAH-related microbial functional genes increased from 0.13 to 0.33, whereas that of total microbial functional genes decreased from 0.22 to 0.10 when PAHs concentration increased from 1.01 to 164.28 mg kg^?1. It was also found that the classification of microbial community structure characteristics based on PAH-related microbial functional genes was closely similar to the classification based on PAHs concentration. Findings reveal that PAH stress promotes the dominance of PAH-related microbial communities.     

区域层面温室气体清单不确定性量化研究

基于《IPCC国家温室气体清单优良做法指南和不确定性管理》中不确定性分析的理论和方法,以编制包括省级、地市级在内的区域层面温室气体清单为背景,就不确定性分析的难点、来源和组成进行分析,并通过实例研究对适用于区域层面温室气体清单的不确定性量化方法进行说明,进而提升不确定性分析的可操作性和透明性,为完善温室气体清单提供有价值的参考。     

典型全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)替代品对土壤跳虫的生态毒性

利用土壤模式动物白符跳(Folsomia candida),评价4种PFOS替代产品,包括50%的全氟丁基有机铵盐阳离子表面活性剂(简称表面活性剂)、用调聚法合成的三防织物整理剂(含固率23.7%,简称织物三防整理剂)、用电解氟化法合成的C4织物及C6织物三防整理剂的生态毒性,目的是为筛选安全高效的PFOS替代品提供科学依据。研究表明,表面活性剂与三防织物整理剂对跳虫急性毒性的LC50(7d)分别为4959和1007mg·kg-1,而C4与C6整理剂对跳虫急性毒性的LC50(7d)均大于5000mg·kg-1;表面活性剂、织物三防整理剂与C4整理剂对跳虫慢性毒性的EC50(28d)分别为0.15、0.12和0.18mg·kg-1,而C6织物三防整理剂对跳虫慢性毒性的EC50(28d)大于1mg·kg-1;4种替代品生态毒性顺序为织物三防整理剂>表面活性剂>C4>C6织物三防整理剂。通过与本实验室PFOS生态毒性的研究结果比较发现,除织物三防整理剂,其余3种替代品对跳虫的生态毒性作用均小于PFOS,其中C6整理剂对跳虫的毒性最小,有望成为替代PFOS的环保型织物整理剂。     

层间隔震结构简化模型地震响应计算方法研究

建立了层间隔震结构双质点系简化计算模型,研究了简化模型的动力特性及地震响应对模型质量比、周期比的敏感性,推导了模型参数的简化算式,提出了基于非比例阻尼的层间隔震结构的简化计算方法,并用实例验证了方法的可靠性和实用性。结果表明:层间隔震结构的动力特性与上下部结构质量比及周期比密切相关,并且可以反映层间隔震的高阶振型特点。利用本文提出的简化计算方法,可快速估计层间隔震结构的地震响应,方法概念清晰、计算简单且具有一定精度。     

溶解氧对低碳源城市污水处理系统脱氮性能与微生物群落的影响

为了阐明溶解氧对低碳源城市污水处理系统脱氮除磷性能的影响,研究了供氧区溶解氧浓度分别为2~3、1~2和低于1mg·L^-1的运行条件下微生物应对低碳源环境生长与代谢特性的差异.随着供氧区溶解氧浓度的降低利用外碳源和内碳源脱氮量分别升高了20.23%和80.54%,内碳源的除磷利用效率升高了13.89%,进而使低碳源城市污水的脱氮除磷效果得到强化.高通量测序和RDA分析结果表明,降低供氧区溶解氧浓度驱动微生物群落结构的调整,促使脱氮除磷功能微生物（如：Dechloromonas菌属）的丰度显著增加.基于PICRUSt预测分析可知,在低溶解氧浓度的运行环境中微生物与基质利用、能量合成和代谢调控功能相关的基因活性更高,保证了功能微生物在低碳源条件下稳定生长并维持较高的脱氮除磷效率.本研究为提升低碳源城市污水处理系统中脱氮除磷功能微生物的生长提供理论依据.     

Preparation and assay of C-glucosyltransferase from roots of Pueraria lobata

C-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.X) is one of the key enzymes for the biosynthesis of puerarin. This paper describes the methodology in purification and assay of the enzyme for the first time in Puerarin lobata (Wild.) Ohwi. C-glucosyltransferase from roots of P. lobata was extracted and partially purified by (NH4)2SO4 saturation. The effects of pH, temperature, and substrate concentration on the activity of the enzyme were investigated. The properties of the puerarin produced by C-glucosyltransferase were studied by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak activity of C-glucosyltransferase was detected in fraction of by 80% saturation of (NH4)2SO4 and the optimal conditions for enzymatic reaction were 35.5 micromol l(-1) of isoliquiritigenin and 560 micromol l(-1) of UDP-G at pH 8.1, 28 degrees C for 1 h. Mn2+ at 1 mmol l(-1) and Al3+ at 1 mmol l(-1) increased the enzyme activity, while Mg2+ inhibited its activity. The enzyme activity in Nicotiana tabacum and P. lobata were detected under the above assay conditions. Higher activity was found in roots than in leaves and stems of P. lobata, while no enzyme activity was detected in leaves of N. tabacum. It was the first time that activity of C-glucosyltransferase, which transforms isoliquiritigenin to puerarin, was detected in P. lobata.     

地铁车站及隧道全尺寸火灾实验研究(3)—车站隧道火灾

为了研究烟气在地铁车站隧道内的蔓延特征,及在车站隧道通风排烟系统、区间隧道通风排烟系统及车站公共区通风排烟系统联合排烟情况下烟气控制效果,在一地铁车站隧道内开展了全尺寸火灾实验.实验研究了车站隧道顶部横向排烟作用下的烟气扩散规律,及烟气的温度变化,分析了屏蔽门开关状态下烟气与空气的卷吸混合特性,及区间风机的气流组织对通风排烟的影响.实验结果对于地铁车站隧道火灾防排烟设计提供了数据支持.     

浅析低碳技术的评价方法

低碳技术可分为3类:减碳技术、无碳技术、去碳技术,选择最优低碳技术是一个项目能否成功的关键。低碳技术评价的内容通常从能源使用率、经济效益、生命周期方面进行评价,对技术的综合性评价的基本方法大致有层次分析法、综合评分法、德尔菲法、熵值法、模糊综合评判法等,这些方法渗透于指标权重分析、模型建立评价当中。通过研究对这些技术的评价方法,确定最优的技术项目,以促进循环经济及可持续发展战略的实施和进行。     

情景分析法在城市环境规划中的应用——以《太仓市城市环境规划》为例

情景分析是一种能有效处理未来不确定性的规划工具.城市环境规划本身是一种多目标、不确定性强的规划.将情景分析的方法和理念应用到城市环境规划中,通过假设未来发展情景的方式,应对未来环境变化的不确定性.本文以《太仓市城市环境规划2011 ～2030》为例,详细探讨了关键不确定因子(人口总量、产业结构、科技水平、政府管制)的筛选过程,提出4种典型情景(规划情景、BAU情景、最坏情景、优化情景),并以水资源为例简要论证其应用的必要性.     

适应性环境管理模式在大型赛事筹备中 的应用（下） ——应用实例

将适应性环境管理的模式应用于深圳第26届世界大学生夏季运动会生态环境保障工作,对生态环境保障总目标层层分解落实,由第三方评估机构对任务逐项跟踪管理,定期评估各部门绩效,根据外部条件和内部因素的变化对工作方案和阶段性目标进行动态调整,最大限度地降低了环境管理工作的不确定性。经过六个月的实践应用,大运赛事期间深圳市生态环境保障工作取得了十分显著的成效。