Effect of molecular weight of dissolved organic matter on toxicity and bioavailability of copper to lettuce

To clarify the e ects of molecular weight of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the toxicity and bioavailability of copper (Cu) to plants, DOM extracted from chicken manure was ultra-filtered into four fractions according to their molecular weights by means of sequential-stage ultrafiltration technique. Lettuce seeds were germinated by being exposed to the solutions containing Cu2+ with or without di erent fractions of DOM. The concentration of copper in roots, leaves, sprouts and the length of roots were investigated. The results showed that not all fractions of DOM could improve copper availability or toxicity. The fraction of DOM with larger molecular weight more than 1 kDa had higher complexation stability with Cu2+ and caused lower concentration of free Cu2+ ion in the solution of copper plus the fraction, resulting in lower availability and toxicity of copper to lettuce, but the fraction with molecular weight less than 1 kDa had the opposite function. Therefore, the molecular weight of 1 kDa may be the division point to determine DOM to increase or decrease copper availability and toxicity.     

含氮农药的好氧生物降解性能及废水治理对策

从动力学角度出发,利用长期驯化的菌种,对乙草胺,阿特拉津,西草净,赛克津等４种含氮农药的好氧生物降解性能进行了研究,并对含氮农药废水提出了治理对策,结果表明,４种含氮农药的好氧生物降解性能都很差,均属于难生物降解有机物,降解过程均符合一级降解动力学模式,它们的生物降解速率常数分别为０．００３５３Ｌ（ｇ．ｈ）,０．００５７７Ｌ／（ｇ．ｈ）,０．００１６０Ｌ／（ｇ．ｈ）,０。０４５６Ｌ／（ｇ．ｈ）进一     

一种新的中温酸性α-淀粉酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

从Bacillus sp.中分离纯化了一种新的中温酸性α-淀粉酶,并对其酶学性质进行了研究.粗酶经硫酸铵沉淀、 DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子层析、 Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后获得电泳均一的α-淀粉酶,其分子量(Mr)约为56×103.该酶最适反应pH为5.0,在pH 5.0～11.0范围内稳定,具有较好的耐酸特性.该酶最适反应温度为40～50 ℃,在40～60 ℃范围内稳定.在60 ℃、 pH 4.5时,该酶能快速有效水解可溶性淀粉;在pH 5.0时该酶对多种生淀粉底物也具有良好的水解作用.因此,该酶有助于解决中温条件淀粉加工行业中,液化酶和糖化酶由于适用pH值的差异而无法联用的难题,是一种具有研究价值和应用前景的中温酸性α-淀粉酶.经LC-MASS-MASS分析得到了酶蛋白中两个肽段的氨基酸序列,通过比对发现,该酶与NCBI中已报道的α-淀粉酶序列具有一定的同源性,同时,在氨基酸水平上也存在着差异.     

不同生境条件下苦槠丛枝菌根对根际土壤磷酸酶活性的影响

以浙江千岛湖和宁波天童两个不同区域内的苦储(Castanopsis sclerophytta)为材料,对处于不同生境条件下的苦槠丛枝菌根(AM)进行了研究.结果表明:两地区土壤pH均处于苦储丛枝菌根生长发育的最适范围内,丛枝菌根的侵染率无明显差异;酸性磷酸酶为两区域内的主导磷酸酶,各种磷酸酶活性均是天童地区高于千岛湖地区;AM侵染率与根际土壤磷酸酶活性之间均呈现正相关,其中天童地区为显著相关,说明AM侵染率对根际土壤磷酸酶活性在某种程度上存在有一定的影响.     

电极尺寸对介质阻挡放电冷等离子体去除NO的影响

设计了一套高压电源装置以及相应的同轴圆柱 筒介质阻挡放电管 ,研究了放电管中心电极直径以及介质层管内径变化对放电冷等离子体去除NO的影响。实验结果表明 ,这 2种电极尺寸的变化对NO去除率有显著的影响。中心电极直径的增加 ,有助于增强放电 ,但同时减小了反应空间 ;介质层管内径增加 ,延长停留时间的同时放电的强度却相应减弱了。所以中心电极的直径或介质层的内径均应有一最佳值 ,使得其他条件不变的情况下NO的去除效果最佳。     

锂离子电池电解液火灾的烟雾探测方法研究

基于散射不对称比的气溶胶识别方法,采用单个入射波长和两个散射角的方式测定了电解液火灾、正庚烷火、棉绳阴燃三种火灾烟雾和D90粉尘的前后向散射不对称比.结果表明,在红外L ED光源作用下,前向散射角为45°和后向散射角为135°时,不同类型气溶胶的散射不对称比的均值和变化率存在差异,这可以用于区分火灾烟雾和干扰气溶胶.此...     

The potential environmental gains from recycling waste plastics: Simulation of transferring recycling and recovery technologies to Shenyang, China

With the increasing attention on developing a low-carbon economy, it is necessary to seek appropriate ways on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through innovative municipal solid waste management (MSWM), such as urban symbiosis. However, quantitative assessments on the environmental benefits of urban symbiosis, especially in developing countries, are limited because only a limited number of planned synergistic activities have been successful and it is difficult to acquire detailed inventory data from private companies. This paper modifies and applies a two-step simulation system and used it to assess the potential environmental benefits, including the reduction of GHG emissions and saving of fossil fuels, by employing various Japanese plastics recycling/energy-recovery technologies in Shenyang, China. The results showed that among various recycling/energy-recovery technologies, the mechanical waste plastics recycling technology, which produces concrete formwork boards (NF boards), has the greatest potential in terms of reducing GHG emissions (1.66 kg CO₂e/kg plastics), whereas the technology for the production of refuse plastic fuel (RPF) has the greatest potential on saving fossil fuel consumption (0.77 kgce/kg-plastics). Additional benefits can be gained by applying combined technologies that cascade the utilization of waste plastics. Moreover, the development of clean energy in conjunction with the promotion of new waste plastics recycling programs could contribute to additional reductions in GHG emissions and fossil fuel consumption.     

胶州湾大型底栖动物的次级生产力

基于国外大型底栖动物次级生产力的评估方法,结合国内研究现状,选取了3种Brey模型对胶州湾大型底栖动物的次级生产力进行估算,通过2015—2017年连续3个季度对胶州湾海域大型底栖动物的调查,最终结果表明:胶州湾大型底栖动物的次级生产力与其他海域相比具备较高的水平,次级生产力的季节性变化明显,其中夏季为最高;湾内高值区位于湾顶中部红岛以南到向西偏移至大沽河口和红石崖附近。分析发现历年来大型底栖动物群落的物种组成基本保持稳定,菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)资源的变化是造成次级生产力变化的最主要因素。研究推荐使用Brey(2012)模型来估算胶州湾大型底栖动物次级生产力,春、夏、秋季的估算结果分别为880.17、1 537.64、458.33 kJ/(m~2·a)。     

G20峰会期间杭州市大气区域输送特征研究

利用拉格朗日扩散模型评估G20峰会期间杭州市大气区域输送特征,结果表明,G20峰会开幕期间杭州市的气团来源由西南内陆转为杭州湾和东海地区,且传输速度较快,空气污染得到显著清除。保障期间污染情形下,苏北、安徽、江西等地的气团输送更强,浙北和苏南地区输送减弱。在管控情形下,浙北的PM_2.5一次排放潜在贡献降低了15%,减排管控措施有效降低了周边地区一次排放对杭州市的空气污染输送。1981—2016年G20峰会历史同期,浙江省对杭州市的气团贡献年际变化幅度为26%~85%,平均贡献为63%。     

用微电极测定曝气量对SBR系统中硝化作用的影响

为了研究曝气量对硝化作用的影响,实验采用3个相同的SBR装置,分别在曝气量为4、10和16 L/h的条件下处理人工污水,并采用自制的溶解氧、NO3-、NH4+和pH微电极测定了活性污泥絮体内部微元环境中相应基质的浓度。结果表明,曝气量为4 L/h时,活性污泥絮体内存在厌氧微区,NO3--N浓度减小了,发生了反硝化作用;而曝气量为10 L/h和16 L/h时,活性污泥絮体内发生的都是硝化反应,且NH4+-N浓度的减小量、NO3--N浓度的增大量都随着曝气量的增大而增大,pH随着曝气量的增大而减小。