用ERIC-PCR技术分析炼油废水生物强化处理菌剂及其抗负荷冲击能力

运用ERIC-PCR技术,分析研究了炼油废水处理菌剂的组成,以及炼油废水处理系统在受到高负荷冲击时,投加高效炼油废水处理菌剂的生物强化系统和对照系统中污泥微生物群落结构的变化.结果表明,投加高效菌剂的处理系统抗高负荷冲击和恢复系统稳定的能力明显高于对照系统;并且,投加高效菌剂的处理系统在受到高负荷冲击时污泥微生物群落结构变化甚微,在短时间内污泥微生物群落结构即能够恢复正常.图5表2参14     

腐蚀电池-Fenton工艺用于垃圾渗滤液的预处理研究

采用铁屑和颗粒活性炭通过原电池反应产生的Fe2 离子取代FeSO4组成腐蚀电池-Fenton工艺,采用该工艺对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理.结果表明,最佳运行条件为pH值为2、H2O2投加量为理论投加量的50%、铁屑投量为30 g(500 mL渗滤液中)、Fe/C质量比为2.5、反应时间为1 h、絮凝pH值为7,其COD去除率可达到60%(其中活性炭吸附占19%),TOC去除率可达47%(其中活性碳吸附占13%),BOD5/COD值从原水的0 35提高到出水的0.69;而传统Fenton工艺在H2O2/Fe2 比值等于5、其它条件与腐蚀电池-Fenton工艺相同的条件下,COD去除率为26%,TOC去除率为19%,BOD5/COD比值从原水的0.43提高到0.69.将腐蚀电池-Fenton工艺用于垃圾渗滤液的预处理,在有机物去除率和提高可生化性方面效果均明显优于传统Fenton工艺.     

Particulate matter pollution in Kunshan High-Tech zone: Source apportionment with trace elements, plume evolution and its monitoring

Particulate matter(PM) in the Kunshan High-Tech zone is studied during a three-month campaign. PM and trace elements are measured by the online pollution monitoring, forecastwarning and source term retrieval system AS3. Hourly measured concentrations of PM_(10), PM_(2.5) and 16 trace elements in the PM_(2.5) section(Ca, Pb, Cu, Cl, V, Cr, Fe, Ti, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Sr, Ba)are focused. Source apportionment of trace elements by Positive Matrix Factorization modeling indicates that there are five major sources, including dust, industrial processing, traffic,combustion, and sea salt with contribution rate of 23.68%, 21.66%, 14.30%, 22.03%, and 6.89%,respectively. Prediction of plume dispersion from concrete plant and traffic emissions shows that PM_(10) pollution of concrete plant is three orders of magnitude more than that of the traffic. The influence range can extend to more than 3 km in 1 hr. Because the footprint of the industrial plumes is constantly moving according to the local meteorological conditions, the fixed monitoring sites scattered in a few hundred meters haven't captured the heaviest pollution plume at the local scale of a few km~2. As a more intensive monitoring network is not operationally possible, the use of online modeling gives accurate and quantitative information of plume location, which increases the spatial pollution monitoring capacity and improves the understanding of measurement data. These results indicate that the development of the AS3 system, which combines monitoring equipment and air pollution modeling systems, is beneficial to the real-time pollution monitoring in the industrial zone.     

旧工业厂房结构安全鉴定方法探讨——以西安某旧工业厂房为例

在对全国典型旧工业厂房改造项目充分调研的基础上,针对不同的建筑结构形式,分别研究超声回弹综合法、平测法、半电池法、扁顶法等方法,对适用于旧工业厂房结构安全的鉴定方法进行探讨,分析鉴定方法针对旧工业厂房的适用性、科学性,对我国旧工业厂房安全改造有重要意义。     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange over ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films

ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films were successfully prepared by subsequent electrodeposition of CdS and ZnO onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates. The obtained ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were investigated using methyl orange (MO) as a model organic compound under UV light irradiation. The influence of operating parameters on MO degradation including initial concentration of MO, pH value of solution, and inorganic anion species over the composite films were examined. A blue shift of absorption threshold was observed for the ITO/CdS/ZnO film in comparison with ITO/ZnO film. ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films prepared under specific conditions showed a higher photocatalytic activity than that of ITO/ZnO films. It was also found that the photocatalytic degradation of MO on the composite filing followed pseudo-first order kinetics.     

地电观测外线路自动断线装置研制

根据台站多年来地电仪器的雷害情况,分析原因,在原有防雷装置的基础上,增加继电器以切断线路与仪器的连接,有效的阻断了雷电侵入的途径,避免了仪器遭受雷击.     

敌百虫萃取分离的研究

在考察敌百虫亲油性的基础上,本文对敌百虫稀溶液进行了溶剂萃取和络合萃取的研究。结果表于敌百虫的亲油一般,溶剂萃取分配系数较小,加入胺类络合剂提高了溶剂对敌百虫的萃取分配系数。     

职业健康安全与环境(HSE)管理在现代企业中的实施

通过对HSE体系产生的背景、历程的综述,论述了企业社会责任与经营目标间的博弈均衡,以及HSE管理在现代企业实施的重要意义,对国内HSE现行企业面临的问题与对策进行了探讨。     

Microprofiles of activated sludge aggregates using microelectrodes in completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) reactor

Microsensor measurements and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis were combined to investigate the microbial populations and activities in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON). Fed with synthetic wastewater rich in ammonia, the SBR removed 82.5±5.4% of influent nitrogen and a maximum nitrogen-removal rate of 0.52 kgN·m⁻³·d⁻¹ was achieved. The FISH analysis revealed that aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) Nitrosomonas and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) dominated the community. To quantify the microbial activities inside the sludge aggregates, microprofiles were measured using pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), NH4+, NO2− and NO3− microelectrodes. In the outer layer of sludge aggregates (0–700 μm), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) showed high activity with 4.1 μmol·cm⁻³·h⁻¹ of maximum nitrate production rate under the condition of DO concentration higher than 3.3 mg·L⁻¹. Maximum AerAOB activity was detected in the middle layer (depths around 1700 μm) where DO concentration was 1.1 mg·L⁻¹. In the inner layer (2200–3500 μm), where DO concentration was below 0.9 mg·L⁻¹, AnAOB activity was detected. We thus showed that information obtained from microscopic views can be helpful in optimizing the SBR performance.     

镉对油菜幼苗硫吸收、转运和分布的影响

采用营养液培养-同位素示踪法研究了镉(Cd2+浓度为10μmol.L-1和50μmol.L-1)对油菜幼苗(秦油9号)硫吸收、转运和分布的影响.结果表明,镉处理促进了油菜植株对硫的吸收.10μmol.L-1镉处理96 h油菜植株比对照组吸收的硫增加了36%,而且促进了硫向地上部的转运,有39.4%的硫被转运到植株的地上部,转运速率较对照组增加了50%.相同时间内,50μmol.L-1镉处理的油菜植株中的硫仅比对照组多3%,转运速率显著下降,但仍有25.9%的硫被转运至地上部.