AOAB工艺处理难降解混合化工污水的挂膜启动

采用AOAB(水解酸化A1+生物接触氧化O+深度水解酸化A2+曝气生物滤池BAF)工艺处理难降解混合化工污水,重点研究工艺挂膜方式和生物膜的驯化。结果表明,采用分段连续式挂膜法进行反应器挂膜,20 d即可完成快速挂膜启动;采用分阶段同步培养驯化法驯化生物膜,30 d内可完成高浓度多组分混合化工污水进水的驯化,最终进水COD 1 456 mg/L,出水COD 324 mg/L,总去除率76.85%,驯化效果显著;整个工艺对COD的降解主要集中在生物接触氧化池和曝气生物滤池,驯化期间生物接触氧化池去除率稳定在40%左右,曝气生物滤池去除率稳定在50%以上。同时,通过对比一段水解酸化和深度水解酸化的VFA(挥发性脂肪酸)产出,表明在高有机负荷进水时,一段水解酸化降解大分子有机物的能力有限,但这些有机物可通过二段水解酸化再次降解,由此体现了AOAB工艺在处理多组分混合型的难降解化工污水的优势。     

Hydrolysis and soil sorption of insecticide pyraclofos

The hydrolysis of the insecticide pyraclofos in buffered solutions at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0, and its sorption on four soils of different physicochemical properties were investigated. The results showed that the degradation of pyraclofos in buffered solutions followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. At 40°C, the rate constants for the hydrolysis of pyraclofos at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 were 0.0214, 0.1293, and 2.1656 d^?1, respectively. Pyraclofos was relatively stable under both acidic and neutral conditions, while it was readily hydrolyzed under basic conditions. The sorption of pyraclofos on four soils was well described by the Freundlich equation. The sorption constant, K _f, increased with an increase in soil organic carbon content, suggesting that organic carbon content was an important factor affecting sorption. The K _oc values for Xiaoshan clay loam soil, Hangzhou I clay loam soil, Hangzhou II soil, and Fuyang silt loam soil were 30.4, 6.7, 5.3, and 7.1, respectively. These results suggest that the sorption of pyraclofos on the tested soils was relatively weak.     

Settleability and dewaterability of sewage sludge with modified diatomite

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM)-modified diatomite and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified...     

Educational attainment and environmental Kuznets curve in China: an aggregate and disaggregate analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The primary focus of this study is to evaluate the impact of various levels of education on CO2 emissions in China. Moreover, the study also tested...     

有机物性质对混凝-微滤-纳滤去除水中重金属的影响

为了探明有机物性质对混凝-微滤-纳滤去除水中重金属的影响,将腐殖酸和乙酸分别作为背景有机物,系统考察了组合工艺对镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)和锌(Zn)的去除效能及其膜通量变化过程,并通过物料衡算对4种重金属的去除行为进行了比较分析。结果表明,当原水中不含有机物时,Cu的截留率最高,达到97%以上,纳滤膜是去除其他3种重金属的主要步骤。随着原水中腐殖酸含量的增大,混凝-微滤阶段对重金属的截留能力显著增强,膜通量衰减速度加快。相反地,乙酸的存在对于组合工艺处理效能具有明显的负面效应。此时,重金属既不能被铝盐絮体有效吸附,也不能通过静电作用截留在NF膜表面。4种重金属在滤液和浓水中的回收率Rrec都超过了80%,膜通量的变化与处理无机重金属溶液时相近。     

热活化过二硫酸盐改善污泥-餐厨垃圾厌氧消化物脱水性能

为了解热活化过硫酸盐氧化对污泥-餐厨垃圾厌氧消化物脱水性能的影响,以毛细吸水时间(CST)、过二硫酸盐(PDS)分解速率、自由基产生种类、胞外聚合物(EPS)组分含量以及厌氧消化物的微观形貌等观察指标,比较了不同温度条件下(50～80℃)的热活化PDS氧化对脱水性能的影响,并探讨了其作用机理.结果表明,热活化PDS氧化...     

零价铁强化城市污泥与垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液协同厌氧消化

针对城市污泥(初沉污泥、剩余污泥)和垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液2种市政废物的协同厌氧消化产气量不足的问题,采用投加零价铁的方式,探究零价铁对厌氧消化过程中产酸和产甲烷阶段的强化作用,并研究消化前后COD、VSS、氨氮以及上清液离子的变化。以初沉污泥与剩余污泥体积比4∶1、渗滤液添加量为15%的基质作为底物,投加不同浓度零价铁进行厌氧消化。结果表明：零价铁能有效提升协同厌氧消化系统中总挥发性脂肪酸产量、促进丙酸分解、进一步降解复杂有机物;当零价铁投入量为4 g·L⁻¹时,累计产甲烷量最高达189.65 mL·g⁻¹(以VSS计),相比对照组提升了30.1%,其产气速率符合一次函数和Scholl Canyon模型指数衰减规律;在25 g·L⁻¹和40 g·L⁻¹的高投加量零价铁条件下,产气高峰提前,但累计甲烷产量低于对照组;随着零价铁的投加量增加,COD降解率呈下降趋势,VSS降解率提升,氨氮变化不大;此外,消化液上清液中,正磷酸盐、硫酸根浓度明显减少,这与亚铁离子的混凝沉淀作用相关,同时也是削弱零价铁强化作用的原因之一。研究结果可为城市污泥和垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液协同厌氧消化提供参考。     

Exploring the nexus between energy consumption,income inequality and poverty,economic growth,and carbon dioxide emission: evidence from two step system generalized method of moments

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The concern of environmental degradation, poverty, and income inequality remains a priority in achieving sustainable development goals. Countries are...     

胶团强化超滤中表面活性剂结构差异对苯酚增溶性能的影响研究

在胶团强化超滤(MEUF)技术处理有机物废水中,采用多因素正交实验研究了3种不同类型的阳离子型表面活性剂,即疏水链长度相同,而亲水基头不同;亲水基头相同,而疏水链长度不同的表面活性剂,分析基团差异对于苯酚增溶的影响。结果表明,十六烷基氯化吡啶(CPC)对于苯酚的去除效果最好,其次是十八烷基三甲基溴化铵(OTAB),最后是十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)。综合去除效果和经济性两方面考虑,在单因素超滤实验中选择OTAB来重点研究表面活性剂浓度和电解质浓度两个操作参数对于苯酚增溶的影响。     

300MPa超高压往复密封的试验研究

水切割设备的运行可靠性，在很大程度上取决于超高压往复密封。笔者对３００ＭＰａ超高压往复密封设计的是，采用锥形套筒与填料问置的组合密封，即利用锥形套筒的弹性变形在柱塞与套筒之间产生难以加工的间隙，造成很大的压降Ｐ，然后再利用填料密封。填料采用填充ＰＴＦＥ和铅箔。静密封也采用金属斜面密封。密封参数──压力：３００ＭＰａ，流量：２Ｌ／ｍｉｎ，介质：清水加３—５％乳化液，喷嘴直径：０．２５ｍｍ。