Modeling and prediction for the acute toxicity of pesticide mixtures to the freshwater luminescent bacterium Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67

In China, water pollution by pesticide mixtures has constituted a serious environmental problem due to potential toxicity and bioaccumulation. But few pesticide combinations have exactly similar and dissimilar mechanisms of action. For this purpose, in tests with the freshwater luminescent bacterium (Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67), ten pesticides, including three herbicides and seven insecticides, were selected as test substances. Concentration response analysis was performed for ten individual substances, an...     

基于多元统计的宁夏典农河水质演替特征探究

宁夏典农河是黄河宁夏段的主要入黄排水沟之一,其水质状况对黄河宁夏-内蒙古段跨省流域水质安全至关重要。选取典农河2011—2020年10个监测点位的16项水质参数,采用综合污染指数(WPI)法,结合相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等分析方法,综合分析该流域水污染特征,并对污染程度进行评估,对污染因子和污染原因进行解析,最终提出管控建议。研究结果表明：2011—2020年,影响典农河水质的主要污染因子为COD_Cr、NH₃-N、TP、TN,对应的年均浓度范围分别为22.3～71.5、0.64～9.09、0.173～0.662、2.89～21.52 mg/L,超标率分别为46%、8%、13%、85%。典农河2011—2020年WPI范围为0.59～1.74,重金属含量一直维持在较低水平。流域TN与TP年均浓度比值范围为20～84,整体呈下降趋势,且各监测点的差异性逐渐减小;BOD₅与COD_Cr浓度比值范围为0.02～0.19,反映出典农河流域水体可生化性较差。各监测断面污染物之间存在较强相关性,其中：流域C...     

污泥水煤浆的基础特性研究

通过与纯水煤浆的对比实验,分析了污泥添加量对水煤浆流变性、稳定性及燃烧等基础特性的影响。结果表明,在污泥添加比例为5％～10％,分散剂用量为0．6％～1．2％,稳定剂用量为0．1％的情况下,可以得到流变性和稳定性良好的污泥水煤浆。随着水煤浆中污泥添加比例的提高,着火温度T1降低,燃尽温度提前,燃烧特性变好。管式炉中燃烧实验表明,试样中硫析出率随温度的升高而增大,而污泥水煤浆比纯水煤浆具有更好的固硫效果。     

低成本环境温湿度测量系统的应用

针对温室环境温度测量的低成本和高精度要求,介绍了一种基于单总线数字温度传感器DS18820的温度湿度测量系统,重点讲述了该芯片在温室培育环境温度湿度控制系统应用中的优点,设计了Mcs-51单片机C程序设计和Visual Basic6．0软件中运用MsComm控件设计串行通信程序。通过软件界面实现了温度、湿度测量数据采集,同时对测量数据实现动态显示、存储和打印。     

纳米TiO2/硅藻土光催化降解废水中二甲胺

通过凝胶-溶胶法制备纳米TiO2/硅藻土复合催化剂,对常见工业难降解有机污染物二甲胺(DMA)进行了降解实验.采用扫描电镜和X射线衍射技术对催化剂能进行了表征,考察了废水初始浓度、pH、催化剂用量、外加氧化剂对DMA光催化降解效果的影响,进行了降解动力学和降解机理的分析.结果表明,所制催化剂为锐钛矿和金红石混合晶型,均达纳米级,对中低浓度(≤400 mg/L)DMA废水具有良好的降解效果.常温常压、18W紫外汞灯下,3 g/L TiO2/硅藻土对DMA废水(400 mg/L)降解率可达70％以上;其降解反应符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型;其可能的降解途径为:二甲胺(DMA)→甲胺(MA)→CO2/CO32-、H2O和NH4+.     

Cd(Ⅱ)与As(Ⅴ)在土壤铁氧化物和细菌表面上的共吸附研究

中国南方土壤常常受到镉砷复合污染,镉砷的化学特性截然不同,因此在土壤不同组分表面的化学行为存在显著区别.在南方偏酸性土壤中铁氧化物占固相比例很大,基于此,选取两种典型土壤组分,即铁氧化物(针铁矿)和微生物(蜡状芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus),通过批吸附实验结合X-射线光电子能谱探究Cd(II)与As(V)的共...     

Evaluation and impact factors of indoor and outdoor gas-phase nitrous acid under different environmental conditions

As an important indoor pollutant, nitrous acid (HONO) can contribute to the concentration of indoor OH radicals by photolysis via sunlight penetrating into indoor environments, thus affecting the indoor oxidizing capability. In order to investigate the concentration of indoor HONO and its impact factors, three different indoor environments and two different locations in urban and suburban areas were selected to monitor indoor and outdoor pollutants simultaneously, including HONO, NO, NO₂, nitrogen oxides (NO_x), O₃, and particle mass concentration. In general, the concentration of indoor HONO was higher than that outdoors. In the urban area, indoor HONO with high average concentration (7.10 ppbV) was well-correlated with the temperature. In the suburban area, the concentration of indoor HONO was only about 1-2 ppbV, and had a good correlation with indoor relative humidity. It was mainly attributed to the heterogeneous reaction of NO₂ on indoor surfaces. The sunlight penetrating into indoor environments from outside had a great influence on the concentration of indoor HONO, leading to a concentration of indoor HONO close to that outdoors.     

三氯生在水环境中的存在行为及迁移转化规律研究进展

近年来,国内外开始关注药品与个人护理品(PPCPs)对环境的污染.三氯生(TCS)作为药品与个人护理品的杀菌、防腐剂在环境中普遍存在.详细介绍了三氯生的基本性质及其在水环境中的赋存现状,并初步比较了污水处理工艺对三氯生的去除效果.     

双SBR脱氮除磷工艺的数学模型分析

应用ASM2和Delft代谢模型,结合双SBR(A2-SBR)脱氮除磷系统的特点,建立了数学模拟器,并将其运用于双SBR脱氮除磷系统运行特性的动力学分析.主要探讨了不同泥龄、碳氮比、碳磷比对系统的影响,并从模型的角度进行了分析.结果表明,利用ASM2和Delft代谢模型结合所建立的数学模拟器可以对双SBR(A2-SBR)脱氮除磷系统进行模拟.双SBR中具有脱氮除磷功能的A2-SBR的运行参数是关键因素,最佳污泥龄为9～12d时,碳氮比为3.75左右,碳磷比大于15条件下,双SBR运行正常,能得到较好的处理效果.当系统在泥龄大于12d条件下运行时,由于PAO储存了大量的聚合态磷(XPP/XPAO接近0.5)造成除磷效率降低.同样的原因也导致了碳磷比值低于15时,PAO的聚磷反应变慢或停止.     

Changes in area and number of nature reserves in China

Nature reserves (NR) are the cornerstone of biodiversity conservation. Over the past 60 years, the rapid expansion of NRs in China, one of the world's megadiverse countries, has played a critical role in slowing biodiversity loss. We examined the changes in the number and area of China's NRs from 1956 to 2014 and analyzed the effect of economic development on the expansion of China's NRs from 2005 to 2014 with linear models. Despite a continuing increase in the number of NRs, the total area of China's NRs decreased by 3% from 2007 to 2014. This loss resulted from downsizing and degazettement of existing NRs and a slowdown in the establishment of new ones. Nature reserves in regions with rapid economic development exhibited a greater decrease in area, suggesting that downsizing and degazettement of NRs are closely related to the intensifying competition between economic growth and conservation. For example, boundary adjustments to national NRs, the most strictly protected NRs, along the coast of China's Yellow Sea, a global biodiversity hotspot with a fast-growing economy, resulted in the loss of one-third of the total area. One of the most important ecosystems in these NRs, tidal wetlands, decreased by 27.8% because of boundary adjustments and by 25.2% because of land reclamation. Our results suggest conservation achievement, in terms of both area and quality, are declining at least in some regions in the Chinese NR estate. Although the designation of protected areas that are primarily managed for sustainable use has increased rapidly in recent years in China, we propose that NRs with biodiversity conservation as their main function should not be replaced or weakened.