城市生活污水处理后回用作热电厂循环冷却水的可行性研究

选用适合热电厂特点的水处理剂,利用静态试验,动态模拟试验手段,对城市生活污水回用于热电厂循环冷却水系统中的复配药剂的阻垢缓蚀性能进行了研究.通过试验表明,污水回用是可行的,为城市生活污水回用于热电厂循环冷却水系统工程提供了可靠的参数.     

利用标准化法评价污染源

大连石化公司运用标准化法对该厂污染源进行了普查,进而对污染源做出了评价。以二蒸馏装置为例,对总排放口污染源的监测数据进行了标化处理,确定了主要的污染因子及污染源:石油类主要来自减压塔顶分离器;硫化物主要来自减压塔顶油、水分离器和常压塔顶油、水分离器;挥发酚主要来自减压塔顶油、水分离器。     

程海冬季水华暴发期间氮、磷营养元素的形态与分布

氮、磷营养元素是湖泊生态系统中极其重要的生态因子,它们以不同形态存在于湖泊水体中,表现出不同的地球化学行为和生态效应,从而支配着湖泊生态系统的生产力水平和湖泊富营养化进程。通过设置3个断面9个采样站14个采样点,研究了程海湖水体中氮、磷营养元素的形态与分布,结果表明：2009年11月23日—2010年2月20日,以铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz.）为主的程海冬季水华暴发期间,总氮质量浓度0.540~3.906 mg.L-1,平均0.836 mg.L-1;总磷质量浓度0.036~0.166 mg.L-1,平均0.061 mg.L-1。其中,溶解态氮、溶解态磷分别为61.7%和50.8%。溶解态氮以有机氮为主,溶解态磷则以无机磷为主。水华期间生物可直接利用氮质量浓度0.118 mg.L-1;生物可直接利用磷质量浓度0.021 mg.L-1,分别占总氮、总磷质量浓度的14.1%和34.4%,显示出此特定时期,氮的消耗速度较磷快。氮素、磷素及其赋存形态在程海的时间分布上有不同的节奏;水平分布差异不明显;垂直分布在水表层至亚底层的水柱中差异也不明显,而在湖底层最高。     

工业点源大气污染扩散空间信息系统

开发了一个基于高斯扩散的大气污染扩散空间信息系统,用于模拟工业点源污染对区域大气质量的影响。该工业点源污染模型包括工业点源数据库、扩散参数、气象条件和大气质量评价4个主要数据库。用该模型计算上海市主要工业区的SO2排放,结果表明,该模型为模拟SO2污染扩散提供了一个有效便捷的方法。     

Distribution of alkylphenols in the Pearl River Delta and adjacent northern South China Sea, China

The occurrence of alkylphenols (APs) was investigated in surface water and sediments from the Pearl River Delta and adjacent northern South China Sea. Most of the water samples contained detectable amounts of APs, ranging up to 0.628 microg l(-1) for nonylphenol (NP) and 0.068 microg l(-1) for octylphenol (OP). APs were found in all of the sediment samples with concentrations ranging from 59 to 7808 microg kg(-1) for NP and from 1 to 93 microg kg(-1) for OP. The Zhujiang River showed the highest concentrations of APs in both water and sediments. Significant decrease of APs concentrations going from the Zhujiang River to the Shiziyang River was observed. The Xijiang River contained concentrations of APs slightly higher in water but relatively lower in sediments than the Lingding Bay, which might be attributed to their different hydrodynamic and sedimentary characteristics. There was a decreasing trend of APs in water from the rivers to the estuary and further to the sea on the whole. In the Lingding Bay and its outer waters, concentrations of APs in sediments increased to a maximum and then decrease seaward, which was consistent with the distribution trend of the sediment organic carbon contents. Linear regression analyses showed the concentrations of APs were markedly correlated with the sediment organic carbon contents, indicating that the sediment organic carbon is an important factor controlling the levels of APs in sediments.     

Preparation and Characterization of Collagens from the Skin of Northern Snakehead (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Channa argus)</Emphasis>

Channa argus, a type of snakehead fish native to China, is a popular food fish in certain Asian countries but is a known destructive invasive species in the US. In this study, the two collagens, i.e. acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC), were obtained from C. argus skin. The yield of ASC was 28.0% and that of PSC was 16.8% on the dry bases. The collagens were identified as the collagen of type I by SDS–PAGE patterns. The Tds were approximately 27.0?°C. Similar ultraviolet spectra of both collagens were observed. Fourier Transform infrared spectra indicated PSC structure had a little change due to the loss of terminal domains by pepsin digestion. The results of XRD proved that the two collagens retained their helical structures. The results suggest that the collagens isolated from C. argus can potentially be alternative sources of vertebrate collagens for use in the food and other industries.     

城市污泥的重金属生物活性及其控制

随着土壤法规的加强 ,城市污泥中的重金属严重影响着污泥的处理、处置。介绍了污泥中重金属的分配和化学形态 ,以及迄今为止几种主要的控制方法     

催化快速法测定COD_(Cr)定量下限的研究

催化快速法测定CODCr是我国目前环境监测中普遍使用的最快速、简便、可靠的方法 ,该法的检测范围是 60～ 1 0 0 0mg/l,我们经过研究测出催化快速法的定量下限为 1 0mg/l,扩大了该法的应用范围。     

土壤有机物污染控制标准制订的方法学研究

指出了中国现行土壤环境质量标准存在的问题.对日本和美国等发达国家的有机物污染土壤质量控制标准进行了分析.从土壤环境质量基准制订的方法学和污染控制标准的确定原则上,提出了制订中国土壤有机物污染控制标准的建议.     

CFB锅炉环保项目SNCR工艺优化提效研究

某炼化企业自备电厂循环流化床锅炉(简称CFB锅炉)环保项目所采用的脱硝方法为选择性非催化还原脱硝(简称SNCR),使用的还原剂为尿素,SNCR系统投用后,虽然能使NOX排放量显著下降,但尿素用量明显过度,增加了企业脱硝成本,并导致脱硫废水氨氮含量超标。为了应对这一情况,本研究主要通过现场调节锅炉运行参数,以及基于CFD建模的方法研究出高效可靠的SNCR工艺优化调整策略及方法,结果表明:在锅炉燃料煤∶焦=4∶1掺烧比例下,氧含量不宜超过3%,有利于降低NOX生成量;控制减少石灰石量有助于提升NOX的脱除效率;通过模拟计算发现下半部喷枪起到主要的脱硝作用,可适当减少上半部喷枪、提升环下半部喷枪的尿素喷入量来提高脱硝效率。为煤焦混烧CFB锅炉脱硝系统的优化提供指导和借鉴作用。