Sulfur deposition simulations over China, Japan, and Korea: a model intercomparison study for abating sulfur emission

In response to increasing trends in sulfur deposition in Northeast Asia, three countries in the region (China, Japan, and Korea) agreed to devise abatement strategies. The concepts of critical loads and source?Creceptor (S?CR) relationships provide guidance for formulating such strategies. Based on the Long-range Transboundary Air Pollutants in Northeast Asia (LTP) project, this study analyzes sulfur deposition data in order to optimize acidic loads over the three countries. The three groups involved in this study carried out a full year (2002) of sulfur deposition modeling over the geographic region spanning the three countries, using three air quality models: MM5-CMAQ, MM5-RAQM, and RAMS-CADM, employed by Chinese, Japanese, and Korean modeling groups, respectively. Each model employed its own meteorological numerical model and model parameters. Only the emission rates for SO₂ and NO_x obtained from the LTP project were the common parameter used in the three models. Three models revealed some bias from dry to wet deposition, particularly the latter because of the bias in annual precipitation. This finding points to the need for further sensitivity tests of the wet removal rates in association with underlying cloud?Cprecipitation physics and parameterizations. Despite this bias, the annual total (dry plus wet) sulfur deposition predicted by the models were surprisingly very similar. The ensemble average annual total deposition was 7,203.6?±?370 kt S with a minimal mean fractional error (MFE) of 8.95?±?5.24?% and a pattern correlation (PC) of 0.89?C0.93 between the models. This exercise revealed that despite rather poor error scores in comparison with observations, these consistent total deposition values across the three models, based on LTP group's input data assumptions, suggest a plausible S?CR relationship that can be applied to the next task of designing cost-effective emission abatement strategies.     

Impact of agricultural production outsourcing services on carbon emissions in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Increasing food output while reducing agricultural carbon emissions (ACE) is a major challenge to achieving green agriculture in China. Previously...     

精对苯二甲酸生产企业挥发性有机物泄漏检测与排放估算

采用泄漏检测与修复(LDAR)技术分析了某精对苯二甲酸生产装置动静密封点的泄漏情况,共完成1 367个密封点的现场LDAR检测,测出28个泄漏点,总泄漏检出率为2.05%。其中储存单元的泄漏点数量较氧化单元和精制单元高,泄漏程度也较严重。泄漏点主要集中在法兰、开口管线和泵三类密封点;涉及轻液的泄漏密封点数量较多。依据LDAR检测结果,采用相关方程法估算设备动静密封点泄漏产生的挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放量约为4.999 t/a。法兰的VOCs泄漏排放量最大,约占63.89%,其次是泵和采样连接系统,占泄漏排放量的20.78%和7.89%。     

Nitrogen process in stormwater bioretention: the impact of alternate drying and rewetting on nitrogen migration and transformation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrogen migration and transformation in the stormwater bioretention system were studied in laboratory experiments, in which the effects of...     

有机磷系阻燃剂的全球污染现状

作为目前普遍使用的阻燃剂主要种类之一,有机磷系阻燃剂被大量应用于各领域,从而导致了其在环境中的持续释放和分布,由此引发的环境问题逐步引起了人们的广泛关注。本文对全球范围内有机磷系阻燃剂在水体、大气、土壤、沉积物以及生物体内等环境介质中的残留现状进行了分析,并对其生态危害和生态风险进行了总结,同时对目前该领域仍有待探讨的问题及研究趋势进行了讨论。     

山西晋中焦化基地多环芳烃排放对周边大田卷心菜的影响

饮食摄入是多环芳烃(PAHs)人体暴露的主要途径之一,探究PAHs污染对农产品安全和人体健康的影响具有重要意义。山西晋中拥有大型焦化企业,也是北方重要的大田蔬菜种植基地,当地PAHs污染的特征和影响具有相当的典型性。研究选取修文工业基地周边的大田蔬菜基地作为研究区域,分别采集大气(含气相和颗粒相)、菜地表土和卷心菜菜心样品,确定各类样品中母体PAHs的浓度水平、组成比例和分布特征。结果表明,蔬菜基地周边大气中母体PAHs的平均浓度为301 ng·m-3。大气母体PAHs主要存在于气相,低环(2~3环)组分占据优势。利用同分异构体特征比值和主成分分析对大气PAHs进行初步源解析,炼焦、燃煤和生物质燃烧、以及交通尾气排放是当地PAHs的主要排放源。菜地表土母体PAHs的中位数浓度为236ng·g-1,范围为130~703 ng·g-1,以中、高环(4~6环)组分为主,菜地表土母体PAHs浓度与土壤总有机碳(TOC)分数呈现显著正相关关系。当地大田种植卷心菜菜心的PAHs中位数浓度为12.9 ng·g-1,范围为0.9~47.6 ng·g-1,低环组分所占比例最大,其组分谱分布与大气相似。偏相关分析显示周边大气PAHs对卷心菜菜心PAHs的传输贡献要大于表土PAHs。     

Chemical deactivation of V2O5-WO3/TiO2 SCR catalyst by combined effect of potassium and chloride

V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ catalyst was poisoned by impregnation with NH₄Cl, KOH and KCl solution, respectively. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), N₂ physisorption, Raman, UV-vis, NH₃ adsorption, temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR), temperature-programmed oxidation of ammonia (NH₃-TPO) and selective catalytic reduction of NO _x with ammonia (NH₃-SCR). The deactivation effects of poisoning agents follow the sequence of KCl>KOH?NH₄Cl. The addition of ammonia chloride enlarges the pore size of the titania support, and promotes the formation of highly dispersed V = O vanadyl which improves the oxidation of ammonia and the high-temperature SCR activity. K⁺ ions are suggested to interact with vanadium and tungsten species chemically, resulting in a poor redox property of catalyst. More importantly, potassium can reduce the Brønsted acidity of catalysts and decrease the stability of Brønsted acid sites significantly. The more severe deactivation of the KCl-treated catalyst can be mainly ascribed to the higher amount of potassium resided on catalyst.     

The influencing factors of the WTP for the risk reduction of chemical industry accidents in China

To explore the factors that influence respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the risk reduction of chemical industry accidents, a questionnaire survey combined with contingent valuation and psychometric paradigm methods were conducted in the city of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China. Both traditional socioeconomic variables and perceived characteristics of the hazards were considered in this study, and a Tobit model was used to find the factors influencing WTP under three risk reduction scenarios. The results showed that three demographic characteristics, age, gender, and income, significantly affected the WTP for chemical risk reduction. In addition, three extracted public risk perception factors, effect, knowledge, and trust, also strongly affected the WTP. The mean WTP value increased as the magnitude of the risk reduction increased. The number of factors influencing the WTP decreased as the reduction level improved, and only the effect factor had a significant influence on the WTP for a higher level (80%) of risk reduction. The cost for chemical safety management of Yancheng was calculated, and the optimized risk reduction level was determined. These findings can assist governments and policy makers to formulate suitable strategies for risk control, to reach target groups of people to develop effective communication, and to provide specific references for the best investment for the security of local residents.     

一种离子交换树脂有机溶出物动态测量方法的研究

针对某电厂补给水系统总有机碳(Total Oxygen Carbon,TOC)含量超标问题,提出了一种离子交换树脂有机溶出物动态测量方法,利用该方法确定了阳树脂释放大量有机物,阴树脂去除有机物能力明显下降,是造成补给水 TOC 含量超标的主要原因。应用结果表明:该方法简便易行,检测较为方便直观,适用于发电厂离子交换树脂的现场验收及运行检测。     

大气细颗粒物生殖毒性研究进展

大气污染已经成为中国最主要的污染问题.大气细颗粒物作为大气污染的主要成分,具有生殖毒性.本文总结了大气细颗粒物生殖毒性的流行病调查及其动物实验结果,并主要从氧化应激、DNA损伤、炎症反应和血睾屏障的完整性破坏等方面,归纳了近年来大气细颗粒物生殖毒性作用机制的研究成果,对现有研究中存在的问题进行了探讨,这有助于深入推进大气细颗粒物的生殖毒性研究.