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641.
从"阳光体育"助推学校体育管理变革出发,借鉴和运用利益相关者理论,分析我国学校体育管理变革的逻辑基础以及划分出不同的利益相关者,指出学校体育管理变革实质上就是各利益相关者之间利益博弈或行为协作的制度变迁过程,其结果是各利益相关者对学校体育资源及其附属品的再分配,其中利益冲突是变革的核心内容,而造成利益冲突的原因是多方面的。走向利益均衡是学校体育管理变革的基本价值取向。 相似文献
642.
Feng Li Xiang-yun Zeng Yun-jun Yu Chang-hua Wu Ge Mai Wei-wei Song Yan-mao Wen Zhi-peng Duan Jia-yu Yang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(8):4935-4946
Acid volatile sulfide (AVS) has been regarded as an important factor controlling metal bioavailability in anoxic sediments, but its effect on metal accumulation under natural conditions is poorly understood. Here, a field study of the influence of AVS on metal accumulation by Limnodrilus sp. in a heavily polluted river is provided. Most of the study area was subject to anaerobic and strongly reducing conditions, and the concentration of trace metals in surface sediments was high, as were the concentration of AVS and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM; average AVS?=?20.3 μmol g?1, average ∑SEM5?=?9.42 μmol g?1; ∑SEM5 refers to the sum of SEMCd, SEMCu, SEMPb, SEMNi, and SEMZn). Only a few species and small quantities of benthic invertebrates were found, and Limnodrilus sp. was dominant. There was no correlation between trace metal accumulation and (SEM-AVS), and in stations where (SEM-AVS) <0, the absolute value of bioaccumulation was high (average ∑BIO5?=?4.07 μmol g?1; ∑BIO5 refers to the sum of BIOCd, BIOCu, BIOPb, BIONi, and BIOZn), indicating that there was no relationship between (SEM–AVS) and metal accumulation in Limnodrilus sp. This was likely because Limnodrilus sp. ingest sediment particles as their main food source, so pore water metals play a minor role in their bioaccumulation (BIO) of materials. However, ∑BIO5 was significantly correlated with ∑SEM5 (r?=?0.795, p?<?0.01), revealing that the large number of sulfide-bound metals (SEM) in sediments may play an important role in metal accumulation in Limnodrilus sp., which can assimilate sulfide-associated metals by the help of the digestive fluids in the digestive systems. 相似文献
643.
Duan Huiming Luo Xilin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(35):43884-43905
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Energy saving and emission reduction are the most concerned issues in the world. Objective and accurate prediction of carbon emissions can provide... 相似文献
644.
为了进一步廓清迁地保护条件下孑遗植物四合木(Tetraena mongolica)的光合生理生态适应性,在分析了瞬时光合效率的基础上,应用LI-6400光合作用测定系统测定了迁地保护试验区的四合木以及原生境伴生种白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)的光合作用日变化,并测定了其生长量。结果表明:四合木实生苗的生长南北冠幅大小依次为乌海四合木核心区实生苗(26.48cm×27.26 cm)鄂尔多斯实生苗(21.27 cm×21.75 cm)阿拉善实生苗(19.25 cm×18.27 cm)。在原生境地乌海四合木核心区种植的实生苗与阿拉善实生苗之间的生长量存在显著差异(P≤0.01),与鄂尔多斯实生苗之间的生长量存在显著差异(P≤0.05)。迁地保护条件下四合木生实生苗植株叶片光合速率Pn日变化均呈"双峰"曲线。不同试验区四合木光合作用日变化(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)均表现出明显的分异。迁地保护四合木条件下原生境地栽培的四合木实生苗的光合速率鄂尔多斯栽培的四合木实生苗的光合速率阿拉善栽培的四合木实生苗。鉴此可以作进一步推论,孑遗濒危植物四合木从原生境地西鄂尔多斯核心区(乌海)东移进行迁地保护具有更高的生理生态适应性和生境适宜性。但完成"从种子到种子"进而实现"保存性和代表性",最终实现四合木迁地保护的"保持性和防止性",保持其遗传多样性和遗传稳定性,最终成功实现四合木的迁地保护仍有待作进一步探索和深入研究。 相似文献
645.
Environmental significance of biogenic elements in surface sediments of the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent areas 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Biogenic elements and six phosphorus(P) fractions in surface sediments from the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent waters were determined to investigate the governing factors of these elements, and further to discuss their potential uses as paleo-environment proxies and risks of P release from sediment. Total organic carbon(TOC) and leachable organic P(Lea-OP) showed high concentrations in the estuary, Zhejiang coast and ofshore upwelling area. They came from both the Changjiang River and marine biological input.Biogenic silicon(BSi) exhibited a high concentration band between 123 and 124°E. BSi mainly came from diatom production and its concentration in the inshore area was diluted by river sediment. Total nitrogen(TN) was primarily of marine biogenic origin. Seaward decreasing trends of Fe-bound P and Al-bound P revealed their terrestrial origins. Influenced by old Huanghe sediment delivered by the Jiangsu coastal current, the maximum concentration of detrital P(Det-P) was observed in the area north of the estuary. Similar high concentrations of carbonate fluorapatite(CFA-P) and CaCO3 in the southern study area suggested marine calcium-organism sources of CFA-P. TOC, TN and non-apatite P were enriched in fine sediment, and Det-P partially exhibited coarse-grain enrichment, but BSi had no correlation with sediment grain size. Diferent sources and governing factors made biogenic elements and P species have distinct potential uses in indicating environmental conditions. Transferable P accounted for 14%-46% of total P. In an aerobic environment,there was low risk of P release from sediment, attributed to excess Fe oxides in sediments. 相似文献
646.
本文以畜禽养殖较为集中、污染问题较为突出的辽河源头区为研究区域,通过流域内畜禽污染物排放方式,污染物排放总量,总结流域内畜禽养殖污染特点,在次基础上提出切实可行的畜禽污染防治对策,为相关政策的制定提供依据。 相似文献
647.
648.
The removal of four dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions, non-acid hydrophobics, hydrophobic acids, hydrophilics and transphilics, was achieved by coagulation-UV/H2O2 oxidation in post-pharmaceutical wastewater (PhWW). Coagulation with Polyferric chloride (PFC), Polymeric ferric sulfate (PFS) and Polymeric aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) was studied separately to evaluate the effects of the initial pH and coagulant dosage. The coagulation-UV/H2O2 oxidation method resulted in much higher reduction rates for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (by 75%) and UV254 (by 92%) than coagulation or UV/H2O2 oxidation alone. The proportion of non-acid hydrophobics, hydrophobic acids, transphilics and hydrophilics removed by coagulation was 54%, 49%, 27% and 12 %, while the combined treatment removed 92%, 87%, 70% and 39%, respectively. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) of fluorescence measurements revealed that the humic-like fluorescent component C4 showed the highest removal (by 44%) during the coagulation stage. After coagulation-UV/H2O2 treatment, the humic-like fluorescent component C3 had the highest removal (by 72%), whereas xenobiotic organic fluorescent components C1 and C4 remained recalcitrant to decomposition. Significant correlations (R2 > 0.8) between C1 and the hydrophobic acids and non-acid hydrophobics suggested the possibility of using fluorescence spectroscopy as an effective tool to assess variations in DOM fraction treatment efficacy in coagulation-UV/H2O2 systems. After the combined treatment, toxic inhibition of cellular activity by post PhWW decreased from 88% to 47% and biodegradability increased from 0.1 to 0.52. 相似文献
649.
A novel poly(ethyleneimine)/Au nanoparticles/hemin nanocomposite(PEI-AuNPs-Hemin)acting for Methyl Orange(MO) removal has been synthesized. PEI-AuNPs was prepared firstly and it was then linked to hemin through the coupling between carboxyl groups in hemin and amino groups in PEI without the activation of carboxyl groups. The high reactivity and stability of AuNPs contributed greatly in the formation of the amido bonds in the nanocomposite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the PEI-AuNPs-Hemin.Results show that PEI-AuNPs-Hemin has strong adsorption for MO. Adsorption and degradation experiments were carried out at different p Hs, nanocomposite concentrations and UV irradiation times. Removal of MO in acidic solutions was more effective than in basic solutions. The real-time study showed that the MO degradation with the nanocomposite under UV irradiation was a fast process. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation mechanism was proposed. The study suggests that the PEI-AuNPs-Hemin may have promising applications in environmental monitoring and protection. 相似文献
650.
石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中总铬 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立了土壤中总铬测定的石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法;以塞曼效应扣除背景,优化了石墨炉灰化、原子化温度、停留时间及基体改进剂用量。结果表明:当原子化温度为2 700℃,灰化温度为700℃,原子化时间2 s,灰化时间为9 s;基体改进剂用量为3~5μL时,仪器可以达到最佳工作状态。该方法铬元素浓度在0~32μg/L内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 9,检出限为0.3 mg/kg;对土壤标样GSS-1和ESS-1的铬测定精密度均小于5%,相对误差在-4.8%~-0.7%之间,方法的灵敏度和准确度均符合要求。因此,石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中总铬具有原子化温度高、干扰少、灵敏度高等特点可适用土壤中总铬的测定。 相似文献