室内甲醛污染及对人体健康的影响

通过对三种不同类型居室内甲醛监测表明,甲醛浓度与室内装饰、吸烟和燃料的不完全燃烧有关.兰州地区夏季室内甲醛超标率高,为41.0％～51.3％.室内主要污染物除TSP以外,甲醛居第2位,且一天中浓度最高值在中午.新建居室比普通居室甲醛浓度高,在所有情况下,室内浓度高于室外.     

A conductive polypyrrole based ammonium ion selective electrode

In view of the development of miniaturized sensor arrays, a solid-contact ammonium ion selective electrode has been investigated. A conductive polypyrrole film was electrochemicallydeposited on a glassy carbon surface and used as an internal solid contact layer between the sensing membrane and solid electrode surface. A systematic evaluation of the importantparameters affecting the electromotive force (emf) response ispresented. The performances of this solid-contact sensor were verified using a batch-mode measurement setup and a wall-jet flow cell system. The designed sensor exhibited excellent selectivity for the primary ion and a linear response over the pNH₄ ⁺ range 1–5 with a slope of 56.3 mV decade^-1. The sensor has a fast response and is relativelyrobustness, and was also used to determine ammonium concentrations in natural waters, with promising results.     

TOF–SIMS surface analysis of chemical components of size–fractioned urban aerosols in a typical heavy air pollution event in Beijing

Size–fractioned atmospheric aerosol particles were collected during a typical heavy air pollution event in Beijing. The organic and inorganic components on the surfaces of the samples were analyzed using time–of–flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF–SIMS).The variation characteristics of the surface chemical composition and influencing factors were studied, and the possible sources of these chemical compositions were identified through principal component analysis. The results showed that inorganic components such as crustal elements and sulfate, and organic components such as aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygen–containing organic groups were present. Some surface components, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and fluorides may exert adverse effects on human health. The species and relative percentages of the chemical components varied with particle size, diurnal and pollution progress. During a heavy pollution event, the species and relative percentages of secondary components such as oxygen–containing organic groups and sulfurous compounds increased, indicating that particles aged during this event. The surface chemical composition of the aerosol particles was affected mainly by emissions from coal combustion and motor vehicles. In addition, air pollution, meteorological factors, and air mass transport also exerted a significant effect on the surface chemical composition of aerosol particles.     

2000—2015年江汉平原农田生态系统NPP时空变化特征

基于MODIS数据和VPM（Vegetation Photosynthesis Model）模型估算2000—2015年江汉平原农田NPP,利用空间自相关和Sen趋势分析方法,分析16年间江汉平原农田NPP的时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）江汉平原农田年均NPP在2000—2005年呈上升趋势,2005—2009年呈波动性下降趋势,2009—2015年呈上升趋势;农田年NPP总量在2000—2015年整体上趋于平稳。（2）高中低产田面积占比分别为66.03%、27.04%和6.93%。2000—2015年NPP具有很强的空间聚集性且呈逐年增强趋势,并随空间距离增加聚集性减弱;江汉平原NPP主要呈高—高聚集和低—低聚集特征。（3）江汉平原农田NPP显著上升、无显著变化和显著下降区域面积分别占1.30%、69.50%和29.20%。     

煤制甲醇循环水系统中块状污垢的分析和控制

煤制甲醇厂的循环冷却水系统中因轻微泄漏出现泡沫和微小块状污垢,取样后通过光学显微观察、扫描电镜和化学显色分析表明,该污垢主要为细菌纤维素,并采用微生物学分离手段获得1株优势菌。经16S rDNA基因序列及BIOLOG碳源利用分析表明,该菌为木葡糖酸醋杆菌(Gluconacetobacter xylinus)。甲醇浓度和pH值对该菌产纤维素能力影响较大,甲醇浓度为15~25 mL/L时产纤维素最强,pH值为8~9时纤维素产量仅为pH值5.0时的50%。当与其他甲醇降解菌共同生长时,由于竞争性排除、生态位争夺等作用,该菌产纤维素能力下降超过37.9%。该发现为生物法控制煤制甲醇循环冷却水系统中的纤维素污垢提供科学依据。     

Prevalence of GII.4 Sydney Norovirus Strains and Associated Factors of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children: 2019/2020 Season in Guangzhou,China

Food and Environmental Virology - Norovirus, the leading cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide, is constantly mutating. Continuous monitoring of the evolution of epidemic...     

Air pollution and its control in China

The rapid growth of China’s economy has led to severe air pollution characterized by acid rain, severe pollution in cities, and regional air pollution. High concentrations are found for various pollutants such as sulfur dioxides (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and fine particulates. Great efforts have thus been undertaken for the control of air pollution in the country. This paper discusses the development and application of appropriate technologies for reducing the major pollutants produced by coal and vehicles, and investigates air quality modeling as an important support for policy-making.