Eco-industrial parks: national pilot practices in China

China has rapidly developed a number of Eco-industrial parks (EIPs) in recent years. In order to promote and regulate their development, two government agencies, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the National Development and Reform Commission are currently engaged in promoting national pilot EIP programs. Both agencies have developed their own management systems, and 60 industrial parks have been approved for construction of national pilot EIPs, among which six parks appear in both lists of the two agencies. This article introduces the practice of the national pilot EIPs. It first describes the management systems and achievements within the two programs, and then summarizes the problems encountered thus far in program implementation. Finally it proposes brief suggestions for future development of EIPs.     

絮凝剂在河湖污泥脱水中的应用研究

河湖水质在一定程度上受河湖底泥的影响,要彻底改善水质就要对沉积的污泥进行处理。研究发现,有机高分子絮凝剂的种类及投加比例对河湖污泥脱水效果有着很大的影响。通过对特定湖泊污泥中投加不同型号、不同比例、不同用量的絮凝剂,比较其脱水效果,可以筛选出针对该种污泥的最佳絮凝剂投加使用方式,从而为污泥的大规模脱水减量化、资源化处置工程提供依据,并可大幅提高河湖污泥处置的经济效益,最终为河湖水质的改善提供了基础条件。     

森林防火的几个数学问题

本文把森林灭火看成是一个系统,称为灭火系统.文中用最优化方法讨论了这个系统.     

Environmental performance rating and disclosure: China's Green Watch program

In this paper we describe a new incentive-based pollution control program in China, in which the environmental performance of firms is rated from best to worst using five colors--green, blue, yellow, red and black--and the ratings are disseminated to the public through the media. We focus on the first two municipal disclosure programs, which have been implemented at very different levels of economic and institutional development. In both cases, the increases in compliance with pollution regulations have been similar to increases produced by public disclosure programs in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. The results suggest that incentives created by public disclosure may significantly reduce pollution in China, even though environmental NGO's play little role and there is no formal channel for public participation in environmental regulation.     

浮选机从采油污水中除油的若干问题

浮选机应用过程中出现了一些问题,有的已停用、报废,以至拆除。文中分析了各方面的因素,例如：机械方面的问题、液面高度失控问题、浮选除油的影响因素、以及浮选除油的附带作用等。总体来说,浮选机除油的效果是肯定的,通过改进其性能,处理效果还能提高,出现的问题都不难解决。所以,浮选机的应用还是一种值得考虑的除油方法。     

兰州西固地区气溶胶污染源的鉴别

本实验测定了兰州西固地区气溶胶中13种元素含量。用主因子分析(PFA)和目标转移因子分析(TTFA)法对数据进行处理,分辨出细粒子六个源和粗粒子四个源,并计算出各源对总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的贡献,发现煤飞灰是当地的一个主要污染源。     

Isolation and identification of potential fungal species for spent engine lubrication oil remediation in Peninsular Malaysia

Improper disposal and spills of spent engine oil into the environment can result in contamination, which eventually affects humans through the food chain. Mycoremediation is an effective and inexpensive alternative to clean up spent engine oil contamination. In recent work, the potential effectiveness of fungi for degrading spent engine oil was confirmed, with the species identified through molecular identification. Fungi that were able to grow in Bushnell Haas Broth supplied with spent engine oil were identified with the potential to utilize spent engine oil as a carbon source. Six species of fungi namely Penicillium simplicissimum, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Aspergillus ustus, and Aspergillus flavus were successfully identified in this study. Over a course of seven days, P. simplicissimum (21.11 percent) was identified as the most effective fungi in degrading spent engine oil, followed by A. nidulans (17.75 percent), A. niger (15.85 percent), T. longibrachiatum (15.12 percent), A. ustus (15.02 percent), and A. flavus (11.80 percent). As these species of fungi were isolated from the natural environment in Peninsular Malaysia, the potential of using these fungi as mycoremediation of spent engine oil was therefore confirmed.     

基于混合改变惯性因子PSO-BP的短期电力负荷预测

针对短期电力负荷预测的精度和网络的收敛问题,通过分析BP、PSO固有缺点,采用周期改变惯性因子(PCW )和动态改变惯性因子(DCW)的双策略,同时对传统的流程增加了额外BP局部寻优,编制了基于MATLAB的混合改变惯性因子PSO-BP神经网络算法(PDPSO-BP),并对广东某城市短期负荷进行预测。结果表明,PDPSO-BP有效地改善了BP的泛化能力,PSO的搜索能力,整体加快了网络的收敛速度,提高了预测的精度,保持误差在3%以下,具有良好的预测效果,满足负荷预测的要求。     

Spatial scale and seasonal dependence of land use impacts on riverine water quality in the Huai River basin,China

Land use pattern is an effective reflection of anthropic activities, which are primarily responsible for water quality deterioration. A detailed understanding of relationship between water quality and land use is critical for effective land use management to improve water quality. Linear mixed effects and multiple regression models were applied to water quality data collected from 2003 to 2010 from 36 stations in the Huai River basin together with topography and climate data, to characterize the land use impacts on water quality and their spatial scale and seasonal dependence. The results indicated that the influence of land use categories on specific water quality parameter was multiple and varied with spatial scales and seasons. Land use exhibited strongest association with dissolved oxygen (DO) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentrations at entire watershed scale and with total phosphorus (TP) and fluoride concentrations at finer scales. However, the spatial scale, at which land use exerted strongest influence on instream chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels, varied with seasons. In addition, land use composition was responsible for the seasonal pattern observed in contaminant concentrations. COD, NH₃-N, and fluoride generally peaked during dry seasons in highly urbanized regions and during rainy seasons in less urbanized regions. High proportion of agricultural and rural areas was associated with high nutrient contamination risk during spring. The results highlight the spatial scale and seasonal dependence of land use impacts on water quality and can provide scientific basis for scale-specific land management and seasonal contamination control.