Heavy metals in urban ambient PM10 and soil background in eight cities around China

The ambient PM₁₀ and background soil samples were collected and analyzed with ICP-AES in eight cities around China to investigate the levels of ten heavy metals (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb). The mean concentrations of ten heavy metals in PM₁₀ of the eight cities of China followed the order of Zn?>?Pb?>?Mn?>?Cu?>?Ni?>?Cr?>?Co?>?V. The metals in the ambient PM₁₀ and soil were compared in each city to evaluate the heavy metal mass fraction from anthropogenic sources in ambient air. The CD values in these cities were all above 0.2, indicating that the ingredients spectrums of PM₁₀ and soil vary markedly. Most heavy metals were enriched in PM₁₀, except Fe and Ti. The results showed that almost all the cities suffer important heavy metal pollution from anthropogenic sources. The eight cities were also grouped according to their similarity in heavy metals of ambient PM₁₀ by cluster analysis to investigate the relationship between the heavy metals and the pollution sources of each city. The conclusion was that the eight cities were divided into three clusters which had similar industrial type and economy scale: the first cluster consisted of Shenzhen, Wuxi, and Guiyang; followed by Jinan and Zhengzhou as the second grouping; and the third group had Taiyuan, Urumqi, and Luoyang.     

利用网络平台进行安全培训

介绍了利用网络平台进行安全培训的特点,分析建立网络平台必须完善的培训条件,确定了安全培训的内容和目标与任务.     

冻融循环对黏质粗粒土抗剪强度影响的试验研究

通过室内循环冻融循环试验和三轴不固结不排水(UU)压缩试验研究了循环冻融作用与细砾组含量(P_(2-5))对黏质粗粒土抗剪性能的影响。结果表明,冻融循环作用对黏质粗颗粒土的应力—应变曲线性状具有一定的影响,可使其由未冻融的应变软化向应变硬化转变的趋势,但随着细砾组P_(2-5)含量的增加,冻融作用对其影响逐渐减弱。随着冻融循环次数的增加,土样剪切强度呈现逐渐衰减,且在5～9次冻融循环次数后基本保持不变,多次循环冻融作用后剪切强度最大衰减幅度可达40%。弹性模量随冻融循环次数的增加上下波动较大但整体呈现下降趋势。在抗剪强度指标方面,冻融作用对黏聚力影响比较显著,随着冻融循环次数的增加,黏聚力逐渐减小,最大衰减幅度可达65%,而内摩擦角上下波动较大无明显趋势。此外,随着细砾组P_(2-5)含量的增加,剪切强度、弹性模量及抗剪强度指标均呈现不同程度的减小,这与粗粒土内部粗颗粒和细颗粒占比及其强度发挥机制有关。     

250轧机、370轧机除尘系统设计研究

通过分析氧化钼烟尘的物化性质及扩散原理 ,提出了 2 5 0轧机、370轧机系统除尘设计方案     

Which is more cost-effective? A comparison of two wastewater treatment models in China–Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park,China

The study examines the cost-effectiveness of two wastewater treatment models in China so as to provide a choice for policymaking. We choose the wastewater treatment system in China–Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park as case study because: 1) its sharing wastewater treatment plant (WTP); 2) its WTP was invested and operated by a private company; 3) its firms did not discharge illegal; 4) accessibility of data. The actual costs are determined by an extensive survey of 493 firms registered with the park. These data are also used to create a benchmark model assuming that each firm complies with environmental regulations by constructing its own WTP. The results show that sharing the WTPs greatly reduces the overall treatment cost. Furthermore, it reduces illegal discharges and improves the overall environmental performance of the park. Finally, it enforces cooperation among companies located in the park and creates a good image attracting more enterprises to join in.     

Public perception of environmental issues across socioeconomic characteristics: A survey study inWujin, China

In developing countries, there is controversy over the correct perception regarding environmental and developmental issues. Few studies have examined the perception of low-income nationals in regards to social and environmental issues. This paper looks at the relationship between socio-demographic factors and the groups’ perceived priority regarding environmental and social issues in Wujin County. The results indicated that most residents, specifically the young, government employed and the urban community consider environmental issues to be serious, especially in relation to air pollution and water pollution. Furthermore, many residents feel it is important to rank environmental problems that are related to other social and economic issues, and that environmental protection must be set as a priority in Wujin County. Compared to social issues, environmental concern was greater among the young, government employed, and the urban community, because of their higher education and affluence. In addition, 66.2% of residents consider environmental protection to be more important than economic development. Thus, environmental protection must be set as a high priority in Wujin County, in order to face the many social and environmental challenges inherent in development.     

地统计学在太湖水质研究中的应用

在采样数据的基础上，应用地统计学的理论与方法，尝试研究太湖水质参数空间的分布特性。结果显示，太湖水质量参数的空间结构变异性是客观存在的，各水质参数都具有块金效应，对太湖参数进行克立格插值。并进行污染水平分类，可以提供更为直观的环境信息，研究结果对太湖的水环境有一定的参考价值。     

Saguenay河溶解有机质光化学生成溶解无机碳的研究

溶解有机质作为水生生态系统中一种重要的活跃的有机组分,对生态系统中的碳循环起到重要的作用.利用模拟太阳光对Saguenay河溶解有机质的光氧化过程模拟,研究了溶解氧浓度、模拟太阳光波长范围和铁浓度对溶解无机碳产量的影响.研究表明,基于空气饱和样品前72 h的溶解无机碳产量1.39 μmol·L-1·h-1,氧气饱和条件下照射的溶解无机碳产量增加了52.5%,而氮气饱和条件下的照射则只有空气饱和样品的10%.实验以Mylar-D、有机玻璃UF-3和有机玻璃UF-4为滤光片研究了波长范围对溶解无机碳产量的影响,近似计算的结果表明UV-B、UV-A和可见光部分分别占无机碳产量的16.5%,55.4%和28.0%,表明溶解无机碳的生成可发生在紫外光无法到达的水体较深区域.铁在光化学催化氧化过程中起重要作用,当总铁浓度达到10 μmol·L-1时,有效的增加了溶解无机碳的生成速率,其生成速率约为初始样品的1.68倍(初始样品中总铁含量为3.2 μmol·L-1).     

重金属镉对水田土壤微生物基因多样性的影响

采用16S rDNA DGGE分析技术,探讨了不同处理时间、不同浓度镉胁迫条件下水田土壤微生物种群的基因多样性.研究发现,随着处理时间的不同,各处理间的土壤微生物基因多样性差异存在明显不同,培养初期镉对土壤微生物种群毒害作用非常明显,土壤微生物基因多样性下降,但培养后期不同处理之间DNA基因型差异很小,丰度差异较大.在土壤培养初期、含镉3～10 mg/kg的培养基上出现一条新增条带,为对照及低镉浓度土壤所没有,镉形态稳定后会消失,说明土壤中可能存在适官镉浓度下良好生长的微生物种,经序列测定及与网上比对分析.与一株Uncultured bacterium sp.具有96%的相似率,初步确定为一不可培养细菌种,以其作为淹水条件下镉污染初期的报告基因有一定的可行性.     

Estimating soil salinity in different landscapes of the Yellow River Delta through Landsat OLI/TIRS and ETM+ Data

Soil salinization has increasingly become a serious issue in coastal zone due to global climate changes and human disturbances. Assessment of soil salinity, especially at the landscape scale, is critical to coastal management and restoration. Two data from OLI/TIRS and ETM+ sensors of Landsat satellite were used to compare their ability to invert the spatial pattern of soil salinity in both farmland and salt marsh landscapes in the Yellow River Delta, China, respectively. The results showed that the in situ electrical conductivity (EC _a ) of soil, representing soil salinity, were closely related with spectral parameters and salinity indices calculated by the remote sensing data. The results of multiple regression models have showed that nearly all the spectral parameters and salinity indices calculated by OLI/TRIS data were more sensitive to soil salinity than those by ETM+ data. Therefore, the models based on OLI/TIRS data are superior to those on ETM+ data in estimating the spatial pattern of soil salinity in farmland and salt marsh landscapes. Our results were very helpful to evaluate the levels of soil salinization in the Yellow River Delta.