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711.
SBR法处理柠檬酸废水的实验研究结果表明 :当柠檬酸废水COD浓度为 5 0 0— 2 5 0 0mg/L时 ,采用 16h运行周期 ,曝气进水 ,对COD均有很好的去除效果 ,一般在 90 %左右 ;当进水 pH在 3— 10的范围内 ,对COD去除率没有多大影响 ,但保持进水pH在 7— 8之间可以缩短反应时间 ;出水浊度与污泥的沉降性能有关 ,进水结束时MLSS应在 3.5 g/L左右。 相似文献
712.
Temporal-spatial variability and fractal characteristics of soil nitrogen and phosphorus in Xinji District, Hebei Province, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rutai Gao Shuqing Liu Yigong Zhang Huizhuo Li Yuanfang Huang Xunfeng Xia Tiantian Jiang Hui Zhang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,174(1-4):229-240
Traditional statistics, geostatistics, fractal dimensions, and geographic information systems (GIS) were employed to study the temporal?Cspatial variability of soil total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) levels in Xinji District, Hebei Province area of the North China Plain from 1980 to 2007. The results indicate that nutrient levels follow normal or lognormal distributions. The TN content was 0.59 ±0.155 g kg???1 in 2007, an increase of 0.44 g kg???1 compared with that of 1980. In 2007, the TP content was 1.21 ±0.227 g kg???1, an increase of 0.01 g kg???1 from 1980. The geostatistical analysis showed that the distribution of these soil nutrients in the study area exhibits a trend and anisotropy. The range and [C 0/(C 0?+?C)] of TN and TP in 1980 were all less than in 2007. The ordinary kriging interpolation method was used to analyze the nutrient contents differences between 1980 and 2007. The results indicate that soil TN levels have increased over the 27-year period, and the area where the TN level had increased by at least 0.4 g kg???1 was about 61.7% of the district. The area where the TP content increased covered about 58.4% of the district. The variance analysis indicated that land-use type had a clear influence on the distribution and change in TN and TP content. Using the 3-D box-counting dimension method combined with GIS, the fractal dimension of soil nutrient spatial distribution over the two periods showed that in 27 years, the fractal dimension of TN increased from 1.95 to 2.02, and the fractal dimension of TP increased from 1.89 to 2.01, indicating that the complexity of the spatial distribution of all nutrient contents had increased. This study can provide a basis for accurate fertilizing and to enhance the conversion of soil characteristics under different spatial scales. 相似文献
713.
It is surprising that many insect species use only the ultraviolet (UV) component of the polarized skylight for orientation and navigation purposes, while both the intensity and the degree of polarization of light from the clear sky are lower in the UV than at longer (blue, green, red) wavelengths. Why have these insects chosen the UV part of the polarized skylight? This strange phenomenon is called the "UV-sky-pol paradox". Although earlier several speculations tried to resolve this paradox, they did this without any quantitative data. A theoretical and computational model has convincingly explained why it is advantageous for certain animals to detect celestial polarization in the UV. We performed a sky-polarimetric approach and built a polarized skylight sensor that models the processing of polarization signals by insect photoreceptors. Using this model sensor, we carried out measurements under clear and cloudy sky conditions. Our results showed that light from the cloudy sky has maximal degree of polarization in the UV. Furthermore, under both clear and cloudy skies the angle of polarization of skylight can be detected with a higher accuracy. By this, we corroborated empirically the soundness of the earlier computational resolution of the UV-sky-pol paradox. 相似文献
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716.
Yuanfang Wang Baoyu Gao Qinyan Yue Xiao Zhan Xiaohui Si Chunxiao Li 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(2):423-431
Epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polymers with different intrinsic viscosity (η) and cationicity (τ) were synthesized. The flocculation performance and mechanism of these polymers in the removal of the reactive and disperse dyes from synthetic wastewater was investigated in terms of flocculation dynamics and color removal efficiency. The polymer flocculation efficiency was compared with that of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and a composite flocculant based on polyaluminum chloride-epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polyamine. The results showed that epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polymer was effective over a pH range of 2–10 for the reactive and disperse dye removal (Reactive Brilliant Red and Disperse Yellow dyes). Epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polymer with the highest η and τ gave the best reactive dye removal efficiency, and its adsorption-bridging and electric neutralization ability played important roles in the flocculation process. The higher the η viscosity of the epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polymer, the better the flocculation performance of epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polyamine, and stronger adsorption-bridging ability was obtained for removing the disperse dye from dyeing wastewaters. Epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polymer achieved better decolorization performance when used together with PAC. 相似文献
717.
以某城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为研究对象,探讨臭氧预处理对剩余污泥破解效果以及对后续水解酸化有机物释放的影响。实验结果表明,随着臭氧投加量的增大,污泥溶胞率增加,有机质释放到污泥液相中,SCOD、蛋白质和多糖含量都大幅增加。臭氧预处理有利于污泥水解酸化过程,臭氧投加量越大,SCOD和蛋白质释放越多;随着水解酸化过程的进行,SCOD和蛋白质的含量逐渐趋于稳定,VFAs的浓度增大,臭氧投加量150 mg/g SS污泥产生的VFAs浓度是对照组的1.82倍。 相似文献
718.
Rui Liu Julie Gress Jie Gao Lena Q. Ma 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(8):6477-6484
This study investigated the impacts of two best management practices (BMPs) recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency on Pb weathering and leachability in shooting range soils. The two BMPs included replacing soil berm with sand berm and periodically removing bullets or shot from a berm. A column experiment corresponding to the first BMP was conducted by mixing the bullets with sand/soil, or placing bullets on the surface of sand/soil. After a 16–18-week incubation under high or low rainfall simulations, total Pb concentrations in sand were lower than that in soil. Total leachable Pb in sand (8.48 and 5.52 μg?kg?1) was also lower than that in soil (60.0 and 30.4 μg?kg?1) when bullets were mixed with sand/soil; however, they were comparable when bullets were placed on the sand/soil surface. These results indicate that lower Pb concentration in the sand than in soil may be attributed to reduced weathering of bullets. Mechanical removal of Pb bullets in the field transferred Pb from large to finer particles, increasing total Pb in the soil (<2 mm) from 2,170 to 5,000 mg?kg?1. In contrast, mechanical removal of Pb shot effectively reduced the shot in the soil by 86–92 %. Thus, we concluded that, while replacing soil berm with sand berm can slow down Pb weathering, it may increase Pb leachability in the long term. Removal of Pb bullets and Pb shot can be effective, but caution needs to be exercised to minimize the adverse impacts, especially in pistol/rifle ranges because of increased total Pb content in the soil. 相似文献
719.
Plant diversity reduces the effect of multiple heavy metal pollution on soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yang GAO Chiyuan MIAO Jun XIA Liang MAO Yafeng WANG Pei ZHOU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(2):213-223
It is unclear whether certain plant species and plant diversity could reduce the impacts of multiple heavy metal pollution on soil microbial structure and soil enzyme activities. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze the genetic diversity and microbial similarity in planted and unplanted soil under combined cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollution. A metal hyperaccumulator, Brassica juncea, and a common plant, Festuca arundinacea Schreb, were used in this research. The results showed that microorganism quantity in planted soil significantly increased, compared with that in unplanted soil with Cd and Pb pollution. The order of microbial community sensitivity in response to Cd and Pb stress was as follows: actinomycetes>bacteria>fungi. Respiration, phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase activity were significantly inhibited due to Cd and Pb stress. Compared with unplanted soil, planted soils have frequently been reported to have higher rates of microbial activity due to the presence of additional surfaces for microbial colonization and organic compounds released by the plant roots. Two coexisting plants could increase microbe population and the activity of phosphatases, dehydrogenases and, in particular, ureases. Soil enzyme activity was higher in B. juncea phytoremediated soil than in F. arundinacea planted soil in this study. Heavy metal pollution decreased the richness of the soil microbial community, but plant diversity increased DNA sequence diversity and maintained DNA sequence diversity at high levels. The genetic polymorphism under heavy metal stress was higher in B. juncea phytoremediated soil than in F. arundinacea planted soil. 相似文献
720.