海河河口表层沉积物中PCBs和OCPs的源解析

采集海河河口表层沉积物样品,测定了其中12种多氯联苯(PCBs)和20种有机氯农药(OCPs)的浓度,运用主成分分析-多元线性回归法(PCA-MLR)解析该区域沉积物中PCBs和OCPs的来源,并定量计算了各污染源的贡献量.结果表明,海河沉积物中PCBs的特征源为非故意产生和大气输送2类,基于多元线性回归法的贡献率分别为55%和45%,对PCBs总量的贡献量均值为6.94,9.42ng/g;OCPs的特征源为历史残留和新的输入2类,贡献率分别为13%和87%,对OCPs总量的贡献量均值为21.18,171.97ng/g.海河河口沉积物中POPs的源贡献与该区域的工业生产有关,改善工业结构和妥善处理历史遗留的生产废物是控制海河河口沉积物中POPs的有效途径.     

北京大气PM2.5中微量元素的浓度变化特征与来源

为了解北京大气细粒子中微量元素的污染水平和来源,在车公庄和清华园进行了连续1年、每周1次的PM2.5采样和全样品分析.微量元素浓度的周变化大,尤以冬季为甚,相邻2周最大相差达1.6倍;但除冬季的平均浓度较高之外,其季节变化并不显著.微量元素的富集因子在春季最低,反映了频繁发生的沙尘天气的影响.Se、Br和Pb的浓度比来自于北京A层土壤中的含量要高出约1000～8000倍,表明它们主要来自于人为污染.其中Se的富集度最高,反映了北京细粒子来自于燃煤污染的特征.Pb的年均浓度(0.31μg@m-3)虽然未超过WHO的年均标准,但与洛杉矶和布里斯班相比处于较高的水平;与Br、Se的比较分析表明,燃煤可能是Pb除机动车排放之外的另一个重要来源.     

海河与渤海湾水体中溶解态多氯联苯和有机氯农药污染状况调查

在夏季对海河与渤海湾表层水中溶解态的多氯联苯（PCBs）和有机氯农药（OCPs）的污染状况进行了调查．结果表明,海河和渤海湾表层水中PCBs、六六六和滴滴涕的含量分别为0.06～3.11 μg/L、0.05～1.07 μg/L和0.01～0.15 μg/L．海河干流流域内的工业废水排放等陆源输入可能是渤海湾中PCBs和OCPs的重要来源．研究表明该地区PCBs与水中的DOC（dissolved organic carbon）具有一定的正相关．与国内外类似水体相比,海河中PCBs和OCPs污染情况较为严重,而渤海湾则处于中等水平．     

几种芳香化合物对苯并芘在泥浆反应器中降解的影响

苯并芘在土壤中难于被生物降解,其降解方式通常以共代谢方式进行.本研究考查了几种多环芳烃及2种单环芳香化合物对苯并芘降解的影响.先把几种芳香化合物投入到供试无污染土壤中进行3d的预培养,然后向土壤中加入苯并芘并使土壤在三角瓶内形成泥浆系统,放在摇床上培养.42d的实验表明,用菲对土壤进行预处Ζ理消除了苯并芘的降解滞后期,并提高了苯并芘的降解率.蒽、芘未能改变苯并芘的降解模式,而苯并蒽则相对抑制了苯并芘的降解.水杨酸和邻苯二甲酸同样消除了苯并芘降解的滞后阶段,且促进了苯并芘的降解,但质量差别未对苯并芘的降解产生影响.     

深圳陆源入海排污口现状及污染防治对策研究

深圳全市共有直入海河道82条,陆源主要入海排污口(包括受污染的入海河流、入海人工渠道及重点企业排污口)53个.根据2013年上半年对深圳市主要入海排污口进行实地勘查结果和对应水质监测数据,分析了深圳陆源入海排污口现状,针对排污口排污超标情况严重问题,提出了开展综合治理工程对重点河流进行整治、加快污水收集处理系统建设等措施,为近岸海域入海排污口污染物总量控制和海洋环境污染整治提供科学支撑.     

Isolation of single circulating trophoblasts from maternal circulation for noninvasive fetal copy number variant profiling

Objective

To develop a multi-step workflow for the isolation of circulating extravillous trophoblasts (cEVTs) by describing the key steps enabling a semi-automated process, including a proprietary algorithm for fetal cell origin genetic confirmation and copy number variant (CNV) detection.

Methods

Determination of the limit of detection (LoD) for submicroscopic CNV was performed by serial experiments with genomic DNA and single cells from Coriell cell line biobank with known imbalances of different sizes. A pregnancy population of 372 women was prospectively enrolled and blindly analyzed to evaluate the current workflow.

Results

An LoD of 800 Kb was demonstrated with Coriell cell lines. This level of resolution was confirmed in the clinical cohort with the identification of a pathogenic CNV of 800 Kb, also detected by chromosomal microarray. The mean number of recovered cEVTs was 3.5 cells per sample with a significant reverse linear trend between gestational age and cEVT recovery rate and number of recovered cEVTs. In twin pregnanices, evaluation of zygosity, fetal sex and copy number profiling was performed in each individual cell.

Conclusion

Our semi-automated methodology for the isolation and single-cell analysis of cEVTS supports the feasibility of a cell-based noninvasive prenatal test for fetal genomic profiling.     

Evaluation of bio-aerosols type,density, and modeling of dispersion in inside and outside of different wards of educational hospital

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Exposure to bioaerosols in the air of hospitals is associated with a wide range of adverse health effects due to the presence of airborne...     

清河流域水生态维持功能评估

利用野外样点调查数据、遥感解译数据和多年降水监测数据,从生物多样性维持功能、生境维持功能和水资源支持功能3个方面对2011年清河流域水生态维持功能进行评估,为"十二五"期间水专项在清河流域开展水环境管理技术实施示范效果评估奠定基础。结果表明:2011年清河流域生物多样性维持功能和生境维持功能较好,而水资源支持功能较差。建议通过开展生态保护工程增加植被覆盖度,增强水资源支持功能和水土保持能力。     

Use of Small-area Data to Support a Community Agenda in Boston Chinatown

Boston Chinatown is a community that grapples with a constant pressure from the downtown area to build new and larger buildings. The effort to preserve the residential aspect of Chinatown has used data analysis in recent years by forming partnerships with academics. This has allowed for more sophisticated studies of traffic injuries, scientific surveys of residents about environmental health, the measurement of noise levels and the construction of physical and electronic mapping of data. While not the only factor contributing to the community's efforts to question the role of development, these data have added useful tools that reduce, but do not eliminate, the disparity between what the community brings to discussions about the environmental impact of development and what the developers have at their disposal.     

Alteration of sediment organic matter in sediment microbial fuel cells

The alteration of physico-chemical properties of sediment organic matter (SOM) incubated under current-harvesting conditions as well as no-current producing conditions over 120 days using sediment microbial fuel cell systems was examined. The SOM was microbially oxidized under anaerobic conditions with an electrode serving as a terminal electron acceptor. It was found that SOM around the electrochemically-active electrodes became more humified, aromatic, and polydispersed, and had a higher average molecular weight, along with its partial degradation and electricity generation compared to that for the original sediment. These changes in SOM properties were analogous to those commonly observed in the early stages of the SOM diagenetic process (i.e. humification). Such a humification-like process was evidently more stimulated when electrical current was produced than no-current condition. These new findings associated with microbially-catalyzed electricity generation may present a potential for the energy-efficient remediation, monitoring, and/or management of the geo-environment.