QHSE管理体系在总承包项目管理中的应用探讨

从QHSE管理体系的相关概念出发,分析了如何建立QHSE管理体系和项目的QHSE管理制度,结合工程公司总承包项目的特点,对QHSE管理体系在设计、采购、施工、试运行等项目实施各阶段管理中的应用进行了探讨。     

深圳陆源入海排污口现状及污染防治对策研究

深圳全市共有直入海河道82条,陆源主要入海排污口(包括受污染的入海河流、入海人工渠道及重点企业排污口)53个.根据2013年上半年对深圳市主要入海排污口进行实地勘查结果和对应水质监测数据,分析了深圳陆源入海排污口现状,针对排污口排污超标情况严重问题,提出了开展综合治理工程对重点河流进行整治、加快污水收集处理系统建设等措施,为近岸海域入海排污口污染物总量控制和海洋环境污染整治提供科学支撑.     

高铁对长三角区域旅游一体化影响计量研究

高铁正成为影响我国区域旅游一体化的关键性因素,已有高铁旅游影响研究普遍存在供需分离的系统化视角缺位问题。立足多目的地-多客源地交互的旅游供需空间系统视角,利用GIS集成方法和旅游系统引力模型研究了有无高铁网络两种情境下的长三角区域旅游竞争力和出游力格局,分析了高铁对区域旅游一体化影响的具体方向、程度和意义。结果发现:(1)高铁对长三角区域旅游一体化影响增强,扩大了旅游竞争力、出游力等级差异,带来逆向均衡一体化效应;(2)高铁强化了长三角区域旅游格局的核心-边缘结构,边缘地区非高铁城市的旅游竞争力和出游力进一步被削弱,而核心高铁城市上海的中心性仍在增强;(3)高铁开通后,边缘地区新增开高铁城市的旅游格局变化最大,但固有劣势使其不能从根本上改变区域旅游整体的非均衡发展态势;(4)高铁时空压缩在削弱空间距离因素影响的同时,促进了区域旅游竞合关系的本位回归,规避旅游供给的同质化竞争、强调差异化发展是发挥高铁旅游一体化联动效应的根本路径模式。最后,指出高铁开通可以为边缘地区城市提供相对公平的交通发展平台,是防止边缘地区城市进一步被边缘化的必要条件,进而提出了促进区域旅游一体化发展的具体政策建议。     

海河与渤海湾水体中溶解态多氯联苯和有机氯农药污染状况调查

在夏季对海河与渤海湾表层水中溶解态的多氯联苯（PCBs）和有机氯农药（OCPs）的污染状况进行了调查．结果表明,海河和渤海湾表层水中PCBs、六六六和滴滴涕的含量分别为0.06～3.11 μg/L、0.05～1.07 μg/L和0.01～0.15 μg/L．海河干流流域内的工业废水排放等陆源输入可能是渤海湾中PCBs和OCPs的重要来源．研究表明该地区PCBs与水中的DOC（dissolved organic carbon）具有一定的正相关．与国内外类似水体相比,海河中PCBs和OCPs污染情况较为严重,而渤海湾则处于中等水平．     

双台子河口国家自然保护区红海滩景观退化机制研究

双台子河口国家自然保护区的红海滩景观由生长在潮间带的天然翅碱篷(Suaeda heteroptera)群落形成,是世界上数量最大的黑嘴鸥(Larus saundersi)的觅食和繁殖场所.近年来,由于翅碱篷群落大面积萎缩,黑嘴鸥数量急剧减少.通过现场监测和实验模拟,对潮间带翅碱蓬群落的生态学特性和红海滩景观退化机制进行了研究.潮间带翅碱篷是一种非常特殊的植物群落,只生长在特定标高的有周期性潮汐作用的滩涂上,过高或过低均不能生长.潮汐是保证翅碱篷在高盐度潮间带正常生长的重要自然力,可以及时洗脱翅碱篷排出体外的大量盐分,避免盐分结晶形成盐鞘使植物受害死亡.研究发现,潮间带翅碱篷群落退化的原因是由于滩涂因泥沙沉积抬升,潮位降低造成的,而拦海坝的修筑是导致滩涂快速升高的直接原因.采取必要的工程措施,翅碱篷群落是可以人工恢复的.     

一体式悬浮载体生物流化床啤酒废水处理研究

中小型点源污染的控制是提高水环境质量和解决水资源短缺的关键。一体式悬浮载体生物流化床(ISCBFB)占地面积小、处理效率高,适合中小型点源污水的处理。以公牛啤酒厂废水为试验原水进行了研究,试验期间进水COD平均浓度1 213.38 mg/L,出水平均为50.75 mg/L,平均去除率达到95.82%。进水氨氮平均浓度为22.50 mg/L,出水平均为4.31 mg/L,平均去除率达到80.99%,试验中全部出水水样COD及氨氮浓度均达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1988)一级标准。总之,一体式悬浮载体生物流化床对啤酒废水具有很好的去除效果。     

Correlations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and meteorological variables in the United States: Implications for the sensitivity of PM2.5 to climate change

We applied a multiple linear regression (MLR) model to study the correlations of total PM_2.5 and its components with meteorological variables using an 11-year (1998–2008) observational record over the contiguous US. The data were deseasonalized and detrended to focus on synoptic-scale correlations. We find that daily variation in meteorology as described by the MLR can explain up to 50% of PM_2.5 variability with temperature, relative humidity (RH), precipitation, and circulation all being important predictors. Temperature is positively correlated with sulfate, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) almost everywhere. The correlation of nitrate with temperature is negative in the Southeast but positive in California and the Great Plains. RH is positively correlated with sulfate and nitrate, but negatively with OC and EC. Precipitation is strongly negatively correlated with all PM_2.5 components. We find that PM_2.5 concentrations are on average 2.6 μg m^?3 higher on stagnant vs. non-stagnant days. Our observed correlations provide a test for chemical transport models used to simulate the sensitivity of PM_2.5 to climate change. They point to the importance of adequately representing the temperature dependence of agricultural, biogenic and wildfire emissions in these models.     

氧化锰矿渣改性制备SCR脱硝催化剂

以锰酸钾生产过程中产生的氧化锰矿渣为原料,制备了一系列Mn基SCR脱硝催化剂。研究了活性炭、二氧化钛、以及含锰量的变化对催化剂的脱硝活性的影响。结果表明,直接由矿渣制备的催化剂和添加活性炭、二氧化钛制备的催化剂,其最大脱硝率分别为40%和78%。XPS表征发现催化剂中的锰元素存在多种氧化价态,活性炭的加入在一定程度上改变了不同价态之间的相对含量;在矿渣中加入硫酸锰后,发现总锰含量达到10%时,催化剂的最大脱硝率从78%降低至57%,XRD测试发现硫酸锰的加入导致S2O27-物种的生成,可能是引起催化剂活性下降的原因之一;而加入醋酸锰至总锰含量达到10%时,增大了催化剂的活性温度窗口,当总锰含量达到20%时,在空速10 000 h-1条件下,催化剂的最大脱硝率达到86.7%。     

Characterization of cadmium (Cd) distribution and accumulation in Tagetes erecta L. seedlings: Effect of split-root and of remove-xylem/phloem

Tagetes erecta has a high potential for cadmium (Cd) phytoremediation. Through several hydroponic experiments, characteristics of ¹⁰⁸Cd distribution and accumulation were investigated in T. erecta with split -roots or removed xylem/phloem. The results showed that ¹⁰⁸Cd transport from roots to aboveground tissues showed the homolateral transport phenomenon in split-root seedlings. ¹⁰⁸Cd content of leaves on the +¹⁰⁸Cd side and the −¹⁰⁸Cd side was not significantly different, which implied that there was horizontal transport of ¹⁰⁸Cd from the +¹⁰⁸Cd side to the −¹⁰⁸Cd side in cut-root seedlings. Like ¹⁰⁸Cd transport, the transport of ⁷⁰Zn was homolateral. Reduction of water consumption in the removed xylem treatment significantly decreased ¹⁰⁸Cd accumulation; whereas, the removed phloem treatment had no significant effect on water consumption, but did decrease ¹⁰⁸Cd accumulation in leaves of the seedlings. The removal of phloem significantly reduced distal leaf ¹⁰⁸Cd content, which was significantly lower than that in the basal leaves in both the split-root and unsplit-root seedlings. Overall, the results presented in this study revealed that the root to aboveground cadmium translocation via phloem is as an important and common physiological process as xylem determination of the cadmium accumulation in stems and leaves of marigold seedlings.     

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis of N6-benzylaminopurine residue quantity in sprouts with gold nanoparticles

ABSTRACT

A rapid and quantitative method for the determination of N⁶-Benzylademine (N⁶-BA) was established through the application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The Raman peak intensities of N⁶-BA at 1002 cm^?1 positively correlated to N⁶-BA concentrations in sprout extracts. The R² reached 0.99, and RSDs calculated below 10% at the concentration range of 0.1 ～5μg mL^?1. The average recoveries were 80.0% ～ 98.2% for blank samples intentionally contaminated at differing levels of 0.04, 0.4, and 1 μg g^?1. The whole procedure, including sample preparation and SERS detection, did not exceed 30 min for a set of 6 samples. This study indicates that SERS is a promising technique for rapid tracing analysis and on-site testing of N⁶-BA.