ASBBR处理超高盐榨菜腌制废水

研究以超高盐榨菜腌制废水为对象,考察填料种类、负荷和温度对ASBBR启动及处理效能的影响。研究结果表明,在温度为30℃,盐度为7%（NaCl计）,负荷为1 kg COD/（m³·d）的条件下,采用聚氨酯泡沫填料的反应器经67 d可成功构建超高盐榨菜腌制废水厌氧生物处理系统,较未设置填料、投加半软性组合填料、球形组合填料和聚苯乙烯泡沫填料的反应器分别缩短了26、6、24和18 d,且运行至第79天,可使出水COD降至375 mg/L,COD去除率为92.86%;通过对负荷的阶段逐步提高,可提升反应器有机负荷至15 kg COD/（m³·d）,使进水COD为（27 000±2 000）mg/L的超高盐废水,出水COD均值降至2 200 mg/L ,平均去除率达到92.03%;温度对反应器处理效能影响显著,温度分别为30、25、20、15和10℃时,反应器COD去除率分别为92.63%、84.07%、67.13%、54.61%和44.19%。     

Positive matrix factorization as source apportionment of soil lead and cadmium around a battery plant (Changxing County,China)

Chemical compositions of soil samples are multivariate in nature and provide datasets suitable for the application of multivariate factor analytical techniques. One of the analytical techniques, the positive matrix factorization (PMF), uses a weighted least square by fitting the data matrix to determine the weights of the sources based on the error estimates of each data point. In this research, PMF was employed to apportion the sources of heavy metals in 104 soil samples taken within a 1-km radius of a lead battery plant contaminated site in Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, China. The site is heavily contaminated with high concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). PMF successfully partitioned the variances into sources related to soil background, agronomic practices, and the lead battery plants combined with a geostatistical approach. It was estimated that the lead battery plants and the agronomic practices contributed 55.37 and 29.28 %, respectively, for soil Pb of the total source. Soil Cd mainly came from the lead battery plants (65.92 %), followed by the agronomic practices (21.65 %), and soil parent materials (12.43 %). This research indicates that PMF combined with geostatistics is a useful tool for source identification and apportionment.     

城市污水污泥高温好氧/中温厌氧两级消化研究

采用高温好氧/中温厌氧两级污泥消化(AerTAnM)工艺处理城市污水污泥,通过考察挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)去除率和沼气产量,研究了进泥浓度、中温相污泥投配率、搅拌速度、高温相污泥停留时间(SRT)对AerTAnM工艺消化效率的影响。结果表明,AerTAnM工艺的最佳运行条件:进泥总悬浮固体(TSS)为4.2%(质量分数),VSS为26.59g/L,高温相SRT为2.0d,中温相污泥投配率为8%,搅拌速度为100r/min。在该最佳运行条件下,系统稳定运行阶段出泥VSS去除率达45%以上,沼气产量达到1.06L/g(以VSS计),粪大肠杆菌和蛔虫卵的杀灭率达到95%以上,出泥可达《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)控制要求。     

Sorption of tylosin on clay minerals

The equilibrium sorption of tylosin (TYL) on kaolinite and montmorillonite was measured at different solution pH using batch reactor systems. The results showed that all the sorption isotherms were nonlinear and that the nonlinearity decreased as the solution pH increased for a given clay. At a specific aqueous concentration, the single-point sorption distribution coefficient (K_D) of TYL decreased rapidly as the solution pH increased. A speciation-dependent sorption model that accounted for the contributions of the cationic and neutral forms of TYL fit the data well, suggesting that the sorption may be dominated by both ion exchange and hydrophobic interactions. The isotherm data also fit well to a dual mode model that quantifies the contributions of a site-limiting Langmuir component (ion exchange) and a non-specific linear partitioning component (hydrophobic interactions). X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the interlayers of montmorillonite were expanded due to the uptake of TYL. TYL molecules likely form a monolayer surface coverage.     

高海拔排土场边坡安全稳定性的PS⁃InSAR监测

为了解决高海拔排土场边坡灾害监测难度大以及安全稳定性预警等问题,提出利用 PS-InSAR 技术对高海拔排土场边坡进行安全稳定性监测分析。通过对西藏山南桑日县某排土场边坡进行监测分析研究,采用 2018 年 11 月 04 日至 2020 年 12 月 23 日的 25 景 Sentinel-1A 数据,利用时序差分干涉相位的时空分析方法,进行差分干涉、模型迭代计算和地理编码等解算,解算得到平均形变速率分布,基于平均形变速率结果分析该排土场边坡的安全稳定性。结果表明：利用 PS-InSAR 技术能够获取排土场边坡区域的地表形变信息;该研究区域坡体 2018 年 11 月至 2020 年 12 月的平均形变速率最大值为 -20.00 mm/a,最大形变速率区域出现在排土场边坡的下部 ;通过 PS-InSAR 技术能够对其安全稳定状态进行准确评价,并进行预警预报,为排土场边坡的安全稳定服役提供有效技术保证。     

印度尼西亚M_s≥7.8强震时空对称特征及其趋势判断

在灾害的综合研究中,自然灾害风险评价是灾害研究的一个热点领域。对自然灾害进行准确的趋势判断,其理论和现实意义重大。利用可公度信息提取方法和蝴蝶结构图法对1900年以来印度尼西亚Ms≥7.8的强震进行了分析,认为印度尼西亚在2014年强震信号较强,有可能发生较大震级的地震。将地震对称性的空间表象、动力学基础及其物理机理进行有机的结合可以作为地震趋势判断的依据,为后续研究提供一些启示。     

我国城市地下空间开发研究初论

城市地下空间是城市空间资源的重要组成部分,在提高土地利用效率、缓解城市矛盾、节约能源、保护环境等方面起着举足轻重的作用,其开发利用与规划工作已被国家列入城市规划的重要内容。回顾国内地下空间开发方面的研究,可以概括为解决了开发情况介绍、开发效益分析、内部环境研究、利用规划管理4类,只要我们解决了研究存在的一些问题,就可更好推动我国地下空间建设健康协调发展。     

Integrated Modular Modeling of Water and Nutrients From Point and Nonpoint Sources in the Patuxent River Watershed1

Abstract: We present a simple modular landscape simulation model that is based on a watershed modeling framework in which different sets of processes occurring in a watershed can be simulated separately with different models. The model consists of three loosely coupled submodels: a rainfall‐runoff model (TOPMODEL) for runoff generation in a subwatershed, a nutrient model for estimation of nutrients from nonpoint sources in a subwatershed, and a stream network model for integration of point and nonpoint sources in the routing process. The model performance was evaluated using monitoring data in the watershed of the Patuxent River, a tributary to the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland, from July 1997 through August 1999. Despite its simplicity, the landscape model predictions of streamflow, and sediment and nutrient loads were as good as or better than those of the Hydrological Simulation Program‐Fortran model, one of the most widely used comprehensive watershed models. The landscape model was applied to predict discharges of water, sediment, silicate, organic carbon, nitrate, ammonium, organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, organic phosphorus, phosphate, and total phosphorus from the Patuxent watershed to its estuary. The predicted annual water discharge to the estuary was very close to the measured annual total in terms of percent errors for both years of the study period (≤2%). The model predictions for loads of nutrients were also good (20‐30%) or very good (<20%) with exceptions of sediment (40%), phosphate (36%), and organic carbon (53%) for Year 1.     

固硫生物型煤

研究出生物型煤的生产工艺流程,对型煤和生物型煤的固硫技术进行了研究,成功试验生产出固硫性能优良的生物型煤,为中国煤能源可持续发展利用开辟了新途径。     

上海与伦敦城市绿地的生态功能及管理对策比较研究

在资料收集及实地采样调查的基础上 ,文章对上海与伦敦城市绿地的生态功能及管理对策进行了比较分析 ,指出了上海城市绿地建设及管理中的一些优点及不足之处。