腐殖酸对矿物结合汞植物活性的影响

以植物水培试验就腐殖酸（富里酸、棕色胡敏酸和灰色胡敏酸）对矿物结合汞（CaCO₃－Hg,Fe₂O₃-Hg,MnO₂-Hg,膨润土-Hg,高岭土-Hg）的植物活性的影响进行了探讨,并以土壤作印证试验.结果表明,溶解态无机汞是最有效的植物可吸收形态．腐殖酸对土壤、矿物结合汞的植物活性的影响,与其对矿物汞的络合溶解能力以及所形成的络合汞向无机汞转化的能力有关;矿物结合汞在不同环境条件下存在的稳定性及释放汞的潜力则是制约腐殖酸效应的内在因素.反应时间决定着二者作用进展的程度.     

淮海经济区城市用地全要素生产率综合评价与影响因素研究

基于Malmquist指数与收敛性分析对淮海经济区城市用地全要素生产率（TFP）进行综合评价,在此基础上构建Tobit模型研究城市用地TFP及分解效率影响因素。结果显示：(1）2006~2015年城市用地TFP均值在［0.933,1.107］之间波动,年均增长1.9%,技术进步和技术效率均有贡献,但技术进步贡献大,是主要驱动力。(2）城市用地TFP存在σ收敛与绝对β收敛,不存在条件β收敛。提升土地市场化水平能够促进城市用地TFP趋向自身稳态水平,而城市用地空间结构对此具有抑制作用;(3）各因素对城市用地TFP及分解效率影响不同。人口密度对技术效率具有促进作用,城市空间结构对技术效率与技术进步具有抑制作用;外商投资对技术进步与全要素生产率具有抑制作用,而土地市场化水平对其具有促进作用。研究指出促进技术创新与进步,提高土地市场化水平及改善人地关系,规避外商投资风险与优化城市用地空间结构能提升城市用地全要素生产率。     

浙江省土地利用非农化与城市化的空间关系计量

Land use is an important carrier and intuitive result of urbanization process. Driven by the dual transformation of China’s land system and developed regional economy, the interrelationship between urbanization and land use non agriculturalization in coastal areas and its evolution are uniquely explored. Based on the county land use information of Zhejiang Province in 2005, 2010 and 2015, this paper quantitatively analyzes the differentiation of county comprehensive urbanization, land use non agriculturalization and the conversion source and flow of key county construction land in 2005-2015. Then use the Theil index and the bivariate spatial autocorrelation method to explore the spatial correlation model of urbanization level and land use non agriculturalization in Zhejiang Provinces. (1) The level of urbanization in Zhejiang County is rapidly increasing and gradually achieving spatial balance and forming a group like urbanization situation centered on Hangzhou, Ningbo,Jinhua, Wenzhou and other municipal districts; the focus of construction land changes from the central and northern plains to the southeast coastal plains. However, the increase in the municipal area is still the most obvious. The increase or decrease of land for agricultural conversion is the key reason for the large scale change in construction land in Zhejiang County; (2) The spatial positive correlation between land non agriculturalization and urbanization in Zhejiang Province has increased significantly, and the spatial differentiation situation has been highlighted. It has shown that the high aggregation area has shifted from the middle part to the east coast of Zhejiang and the islands. In general, the high high type is mostly distributed in the northern Zhejiang Plain, while the low low type extends from the coastal to the inland. (3) There is a significant scale effect of comprehensive urbanization and land use non agriculturalization in Zhejiang Province, and the correlation difference increases with spatial scale. This study reveals the spatial correlation between urbanization and land non agriculturalization in the period of urbanization of economically developed provinces. It has important guiding value for promoting the synergy of land use planning and urban planning, and implementing land transfer and trans administrative area replacement according to local conditions.     

合成水滑石治理水体阴离子染料污染研究

利用不同层电荷的合成水滑石（层状双氢氧化物）和它们的焙烧态为吸附剂，系统考察了此类材料对于甲基橙染料的吸附保留行为，通过粉末X射线衍射，傅立叶红外和扫描电镜测试说明经水热处理得到的合成水滑石具有良好的结晶度和相纯度．水滑石及其焙烧态对于甲基橙阴离子染料的吸附研究主要采用间歇平衡法实验，吸附体系的电导率变化显示了水滑石的记忆效应，并有可能是焙烧态水滑石再生的动态过程反应低浓度甲基橙在焙烧态水滑石上的吸附实验说明，水滑石层电荷密度对于其焙烧态氧化物吸附低浓度阴离子具有显著的影响。     

3种浮床植物生长特性及氮、磷吸收的优化配置研究

选取美人蕉、再力花和千屈菜3种当地常见植物作为研究对象,构建上海市淀山湖富营养化治理生态浮床工程,对3种植物的生长特性、氮磷吸收能力的优化配置进行比较研究.结果表明,成活率为:美人蕉83.33%,再力花83.33%,千屈菜为76.67%.除千屈菜外,其他2种植物基本没有出现病虫害,收割时再力花和美人蕉两种植物的生物量较移栽时均有明显增加,分别为3.65kg/株和2.40kg/株;3种植物对水体TN、TP的吸收能力差异显著(P￡0.05),单位面积磷吸收量排序为美人蕉>再力花>千屈菜;单位面积氮吸收量大小排序为再力花>美人蕉>千屈菜.美人蕉与再力花栽种面积比为4:3时,混作浮床系统比单种美人蕉时磷吸收量低7.72g/m2,但是氮吸收量却高85.42g/m2,所以此种面积搭配的浮床系统能够在保证较高水平磷吸收量的条件下,具有比单种美人蕉的浮床系统更强的氮去除能力;美人蕉与再力花栽种面积比为3:4时,混作浮床系统较单种再力花时氮吸收量降低21.09g/m2,磷吸收量高出7.72g/m2,故此面积搭配的混作浮床系统能够在保证氮吸收量较高的同时,比单种再力花的浮床系统吸收更多的磷.     

聚天冬氨酸对土壤吸附、解吸汞的机制研究

为揭示土壤中添加聚天冬氨酸(PASP)后其对汞的吸附、解吸过程,探究了不同PASP用量对土壤吸附解吸汞的机制及有机质、pH、汞初始浓度等因素的影响.结果 表明,PASP可显著抑制土壤对汞的吸附,促进土壤对汞的解吸,在PASP用量为300 mg时,其吸附量、解吸量分别是未添加PASP时的0.68、27倍;有机质与PASP...     

基于国内水泥生产现状的碳排放因子测算

水泥生产过程中碳排放因子的测算是计算水泥碳排放量的基础,为了准确测算我国水泥行业熟料煅烧阶段碳酸盐矿物分解释放CO2的碳排放因子,就需要对水泥生产线上相关样品做成分测定和综合分析.通过对国内近百条代表性较强的水泥生产线上的生料、熟料、水泥、石灰石、燃煤等样品进行钙、镁、烧失量、碳酸盐等化学成分的定量分析,并考虑新型干法窑和立窑两种生产工艺类型的差别,分析测算了基于国内水泥生产的工艺碳排放因子.结果表明:生料碳酸盐法测算碳排放因子的结果较熟料法的结果低约10kgCO2/tcl;不同窑型的碳排放因子存在明显差异,新型干法窑的碳排放因子多集中在500~520kgCO2/tcl,立窑碳排放因子多集中在480~500kgCO2/tcl;多数熟料含有少量碳酸盐.生料碳酸盐法不涉及燃煤灰分的化学成分,可以规避燃煤灰分成分的影响,测算碳排放因子采用生料碳酸盐法较准确,并且应基于不同窑型,同时考虑碳酸盐分解率问题.     

Capability of cation exchange technology to remove proven N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors

N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) precursors consist of a positively charged dimethylamine group and a non-polar moiety, which inspired us to develop a targeted cation exchange technology to remove NDMA precursors. In this study, we tested the removal of two representative NDMA precursors, dimethylamine(DMA) and ranitidine(RNTD), by strong acidic cation exchange resin. The results showed that pH greatly affected the exchange efficiency, with high removal(DMA 78% and RNTD 94%) observed at pH pk_a-1 when the molar ratio of exchange capacity to precursor was 4. The exchange order was obtained as follows: Ca~(2+) Mg~(2+) RNTD~+ K~+ DMA~+ NH_4~+ Na~+. The partition coefficient of DMA~+to Na~+was 1.41 ± 0.26, while that of RNTD~+to Na~+was 12.1 ± 1.9. The pseudo second-order equation fitted the cation exchange kinetics well. Bivalent inorganic cations such as Ca~(2+)were found to have a notable effect on NA precursor removal in softening column test. Besides DMA and RNTD, cation exchange process also worked well for removing other 7 model NDMA precursors. Overall, NDMA precursor removal can be an added benefit of making use of cation exchange water softening processes.     

微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定生活污水中的微量砷

采用硝酸-高氯酸微波消解水样,在盐酸介质中以硫脲-抗坏血酸处理样品,以硼氰化钾的氢氧化钠溶液为还原剂,氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定生活污水中的痕量砷.方法检出限＜0.02μg/L,精密度0.14%,加标回收率92%～108%,操作简单,结果准确,重现性好.     

生态产品价值实现的理论研究与实践进展

生态产品价值实现是推动“绿水青山”向“金山银山”转化的关键路径,近年来成为研究习近平生态文明思想的热点领域。本文就生态产品价值的内涵理解、实现机理、主要路径及具体实践模式,梳理了近年来国内学者的研究成果,并在此基础上总结与分析,指出存在的问题、提出相关建议。对生态产品价值的理解,目前国内学者从早期的分歧已逐步形成统一的认识,即生态产品本质上是人类从自然生态系统中直接或间接获取的物质和服务的总称,其价值来自生态系统服务价值。生态产品价值实现则是其存在价值通过各种路径被人类消费或使用,最终转化为经济收益或是民生福祉的过程。生态产品价值实现的基本路径主要包括产业发展、市场交易、金融扶持、政府调控和社会参与5种方式,国内目前的实践案例则可以归类为15种模式。但各地在实践过程中也面临生态产品识别边界不清晰、生态产品价值实现机理认识不统一、配套机制不完善以及路径模式创新与实践不够等问题,后续应加快建立生态产品调查统计与评估核算方法体系、完善自然资源产权制度、加强实践模式创新与推广应用。