The MANAGE database: nutrient load and site characteristic updates and runoff concentration data

The "Measured Annual Nutrient loads from AGricultural Environments" (MANAGE) database was developed to be a readily accessible, easily queried database of site characteristic and field-scale nutrient export data. The original version of MANAGE, which drew heavily from an early 1980s compilation of nutrient export data, created an electronic database with nutrient load data and corresponding site characteristics from 40 studies on agricultural (cultivated and pasture/range) land uses. In the current update, N and P load data from 15 additional studies of agricultural runoff were included along with N and P concentration data for all 55 studies. The database now contains 1677 watershed years of data for various agricultural land uses (703 for pasture/rangeland; 333 for corn; 291 for various crop rotations; 177 for wheat/oats; and 4-33 yr for barley, citrus, vegetables, sorghum, soybeans, cotton, fallow, and peanuts). Across all land uses, annual runoff loads averaged 14.2 kg ha(-1) for total N and 2.2 kg ha(-1) for total P. On average, these losses represented 10 to 25% of applied fertilizer N and 4 to 9% of applied fertilizer P. Although such statistics produce interesting generalities across a wide range of land use, management, and climatic conditions, regional crop-specific analyses should be conducted to guide regulatory and programmatic decisions. With this update, MANAGE contains data from a vast majority of published peer-reviewed N and P export studies on homogeneous agricultural land uses in the USA under natural rainfall-runoff conditions and thus provides necessary data for modeling and decision-making related to agricultural runoff. The current version can be downloaded at http://www.ars.usda.gov/spa/manage-nutrient.     

企业社会资本研究

社会资本是指行动主体通过社会网络摄取稀缺资源并由此获益的能力.本文界定了企业社会资本的内涵、特征和功能,指出企业社会资本是企业建立在规范和信任基础上的,通过社会网络摄取稀缺资源的能力,它能够给企业带来收益,促进企业实现其目标.     

高效降解环己酮红球菌JDM-3-12的分离及其系统发育分析

从岳阳巴陵石化公司环己酮生产车间总出水口的污泥中筛选到一株环己酮降解菌株,菌号为JDM-3-12;该菌能以环己酮为唯一碳源且能忍受5000 mg/L的环己酮,当环己酮的质量浓度为2000 mg/L时,在温度为30℃,转速为150 r/m in,pH=7的条件下,72小时内该菌株对环己酮的降解率达到97.91%。通过形态观察、生理生化特征检测和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析,初步鉴定其为赤红球菌(Rhodococcus ruber)中的一个菌株,该菌最适生长温度为35℃,最适生长pH 7。     

旅游购物体验实证研究——以屯溪老街为例

在文献综述的基础上,以屯溪老街为例,运用单因素方差分析方法,从旅游主客体两个方面探讨了旅游者的购物体验及其差异性。在主体方面,旅游者的职业、收入、年龄等社会经济属性和游览时间、购物花费等旅游行为特性变量构成了购物体验的差异性因素;在客体方面,旅游者对于老街的购物环境、商品和服务属性方面的体验差异性显著。最后有针对性地提出了管理措施。     

关于犀牛保护及犀角持续利用的建议

简述了犀牛在中国灭绝的原因,介绍了犀牛角的利用价值,针对目前犀牛在中国的状况,提出了犀牛保护及犀角持续利用的建议。     

提高电子元器件使用可靠性的方法

针对实际工作中元器件使用可靠性方面存在的问题．本文通过在实际工作的经验积累和技术研究总结,在电子元器件的选择与检测控制等方面,提出了提高电子元器件使用可靠性的方法。实践证明,这些方法可以直接应用于电子元器件的工程选择与检测控制。     

Adsorption of basic dye from aqueous solution onto fly ash

The fly ash treated by H₂SO₄ was used as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of a typical dye, methylene blue, from aqueous solution. An increase in the specific surface area and dye-adsorption capacity was observed after the acid treatment. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics of the treated fly ash were studied. The experimental results were fitted using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It shows that the Freundlich isotherm is better in describing the adsorption process. Two kinetic models, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order, were employed to analyze the kinetic data. It was found that the pseudo-second-order model is the better choice to describe the adsorption behavior. The thermodynamic study reveals that the enthalpy (ΔH⁰) value is positive (5.63 kJ/mol), suggesting an endothermic nature of the adsorption.     

山东省经济与生态环境协调发展评价研究

以山东省作为研究对象,针对其经济与生态环境的发展状况,建立了山东省经济与生态环境协调发展的评价指标体系,对山东省1999--2005年经济和生态环境的协调发展状况进行了综合评价。根据评价结果,提出了促进山东半岛经济和生态环境协调发展的对策。     

土地一级开发环境影响评价初探

衔接土地利用规划和建设项目的土地一级开发伴随着土地政策的改革而出现。目前土地一级开发环境影响评价处于起步阶段,缺乏对这项工作系统的研究。本文结合工作中的实践经验,从土地一级开发环境影响评价实施的意义、作用和评价目的等方面对土地一级开发的环境影响评价进行了论述,分析了其环境影响评价存在的问题,总结了土地一级开发环境影响评价的技术要点,并对完善土地一级开发环境影响评价制度提出建议。     

碳氮磷比失调对污水生物脱氮除磷的影响

我国南方城市污水普遍存在低碳相对高氮磷特征,本文介绍了同时生物脱氮除磷的机理、对碳源的需求与竞争,以及一些针对此类污水生物脱氮除磷的改进工艺及其在实际运用中的效果,并对此类污水的处理方向进行了展望。