乌鲁木齐市水磨河水质状况评价与污染成因分析

利用单因子指数法和综合污染指数法,对乌鲁木齐市水磨河4个监测断面水质情况进行了评价。结果表明:搪瓷厂泉为超标水体;七纺桥为Ⅴ类水体,达到农业灌溉用水要求;联丰桥断面、米泉桥断面为劣Ⅴ类水体,没有达到农业灌溉用水要求。生活源和工业源化学需氧量、氨氮等污染物的排入对水体产生了严重影响,造成水体重污染。     

Characteristics and assessment of phthalate esters in urban dusts in Guangzhou city, China

Phthalate esters (PAEs) were examined in indoor and outdoor dust samples from the subtropical city of Guangzhou, China. The ∑(16)PAEs concentrations ranged from 121 to 3,223 μg g(-1) dust, with the median concentration of 840 μg g(-1) dust. Significantly higher concentrations of PAEs in dust samples were found in offices where electrical and electronic devices, carpet pads, and office furniture were widely used. Of the 16 PAEs, diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) dominated the PAEs in indoor and outdoor dust samples, and accounted for >96.8% and >93.1% of the ∑(16)PAEs concentrations, respectively. The median daily inhalation exposure of ∑(16)PAEs were 3.53 and 0.247 μg kg(-1) body weight day(-1), and at the 95(th) percentile were 7.62 and 0.530 μg kg(-1) body weight day(-1), up on the measured concentrations and estimated dust ingestion rates, respectively, for toddles and adults. The ubiquitous distribution of PAEs as noted in this study suggests the need for detailed assessment of PAEs concentrations using more sites and to further investigate the factors influencing PAEs exposure in China.     

太湖蓝藻水华时空分布与预警监测响应的分析

选择2007和2008年200幅EOS/MODIS太湖蓝藻监测遥感影像,统计分析了梅梁湾、竺山湾宜兴段、贡湖湾、东太湖胥口湾和湖州方向湖体蓝藻水华爆发的空间和时间分布规律。并在得出全太湖蓝藻水华空间和时间分布规律的基础上,从环境监测部门蓝藻预警监测工作的实际出发,将蓝藻水华预警监测的响应划分为常规监测和应急监测,提出了具体的监测要求,为环太湖地区的相关部门更好地开展蓝藻预警监测工作提供了科学依据。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定饮用水中消毒副产物卤代腈

采用顶空加盐气相色谱-质谱法检测饮用水中的消毒副产物氯乙腈、二氯乙腈和三氯乙腈,并对样品前处理方法及GC/MS仪器条件进行优化,使得3种卤代腈在5．00μg/L ～80．0μg/L 范围内线性良好,方法检出限分别为2．52μg/L、1．02μg/L和1．57μg/L。空白水样的加标回收率为75．9％～94．1％, RSD为3．6％～6．2％。     

环境空气中汞的直接测定方法研究与应用

研究了环境空气中汞浓度的直接测定方法。利用金汞齐富集－便携式测汞仪对环境空气中的汞进行直接测定,具有简便、快捷、不使用化学试剂的优点。经测试,该方法在0～180 ng／m^3范围内具有良好的线性关系,最低检出浓度为5 ng／m^3。     

江苏省环境监测质量管理的探索与实践

针对目前交界断面水质监测与空气自动监测站质量管理工作中存在的质控难点,介绍了江苏省的解决办法。通过统一技术细节、联合监测及强化监测人员持证上岗自认定考核等手段,解决了交界断面水质监测技术纠纷;通过设立省级质管站、进行可信度评估等措施,强化空气自动监测站的质量管理。     

水环境指示生物筛选及水质评价方法研究

以齐齐哈尔市近30年地表水生物监测数据、理化监测数据为研究依据,提出一套基于指示生物的地表水体评价方法。该方法将地表水体划分为5个级别,并从中筛选出每个级别对应的指示生物,最终建立一套基于指示生物描述水体污染程度的评价体系。该方法以理化指标为基础,筛选多种优势种作为指示生物,对水体进行综合评价。相比单一生物监测评价指标,该评价方法更能反映整个生态系统状况,从而更客观地反映水体真实情况,有望为地表水体污染评价新方法的建立提供参考。     

Racemic,R-, and S-tebuconazole altered chitinase and chitobiase activity of Daphnia magna

Tebuconazole is a chiral trizole fungicide and widely used in many crops for controlling disease. Tebuconazole is potential toxic to some aquatic organisms but relative information of its isomers is scarce. To detect the endocrine disrupting effects and difference of rac-, R-, and S-tebuconazole, the chitinase activity in Daphnia magna and chitobiase activity in each test medium were used as biomonitors after a 14-day exposure. Results showed that chitinase activity was significantly reduced by rac-, R-, and S-tebuconazole. The chitobiase activity in the test medium was reduced by rac- and R-tebuconazole before day 10, and only one peak was observed at day 10 or day 12 compared with two obvious peaks in the control group (days 6 and 12). S-tebuconazole delayed and reduced the reproduction of D. magna, but did not delay the first chitobiase activity peak, whereas the second peak could not be characterized as the exposure concentration and time increased. Compared with chitinase activity, chitobiase activity can still be used as a rudimentary model for identifying molt-interfering xenobiotics, and further studies should focus on the analysis of correlations between these parameters.     

处理含硫废水的新型催化剂

合成了适合处理含硫废水的固相催化剂,考察了催化剂的稳定性、活性及对实际废水的处理效果,开了含硫废水处理的一条新途径。