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Zhang Y Chen Z Zhu B Luo X Guan Y Guo S Nie Y 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,147(1-3):327-337
The objective of this study is to develop techniques for assessing and analysing land desertification in Yulin of Northwest China, as a typical monitoring region through the use of remotely sensed data and geographic information systems (GIS). The methodology included the use of Landsat TM data from 1987, 1996 and 2006, supplemented by aerial photos in 1960, topographic maps, field work and use of other existing data. From this, land cover, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), farmland, woodland and grassland maps at 1:100,000 were prepared for land desertification monitoring in the area. In the study, all data was entered into a GIS using ILWIS software to perform land desertification monitoring. The results indicate that land desertification in the area has been developing rapidly during the past 40 years. Although land desertification has to some extent been controlled in the area by planting grasses and trees, the issue of land desertification is still serious. The study also demonstrates an example of why the integration of remote sensing with GIS is critical for the monitoring of environmental changes in arid and semi-arid regions, e.g. in land desertification monitoring in the Yulin pilot area. However, land desertification monitoring using remote sensing and GIS still needs to be continued and also refined for the purpose of long-term monitoring and the management of fragile ecosystems in the area. 相似文献
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超声辅助离子液体微萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测水中六溴环十二烷 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
建立了超声辅助离子液体液-液微萃取(USA-IL-DLLME)结合液相色谱-串联质谱测定水中六溴环十二烷3种异构体(α-HBCD、β-HBCD、γ-HBCD)的分析方法。实验中分别考察了离子液体萃取剂的种类及体积、超声时间、样品p H及盐浓度等因素的影响。在最佳条件下,HBCDs 3种异构体在0.5~100μg/L质量浓度条件下有较好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.998,最低检出限分别为156.4、84.6、85.5 ng/L,测定下限分别为0.626、0.339、0.342μg/L。相对标准偏差(n=5)为5.3%~9.7%。采用该方法对实际环境水样进行了检测与加标回收实验,在1、20μg/L 2个添加水平下,加标回收率为71%~102%。方法具有简单快速、有机溶剂用量少、绿色环保的特点。 相似文献
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Xiaoqing?DongEmail author Chaolin?Li Binbin?Ding Xiaofeng?He Jia?Zhu Peibing?Shao 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2016,21(4):517-529
Frequent monitoring and relatively high fines are usually necessary to bring about improvements in environmental quality, but more challenging for many countries with limited human, material, and financial resources is to put them into practice. This paper developed a three-group model of a state-dependent enforcement in a repeated game to improve the policy implementation under limited inspection capacities. A certain number of firms are grouped (group 1, group 2, group 3) for different supervision intensity (e.g., the order of inspection probability corresponding to each group is p 1?<?p 2?<?p 3) based on their environmental performance. The optimal policy parameters, such as inspection probability of each group and the probability that a firm found in compliance is moved to a better reputation group, were obtained as the basis for regulator’s policy making. Numerical simulations indicated that the three-group inspection regime can significantly increase compliance rate as compared with static enforcement with the same monitoring probability. Among the number of firms in each group under steady state conditions, group 2 had the most, group 1 was the second, and group 3 had the smallest. Analysis and prediction of a three-group reputation example provided a good experiment for the model. The results give a practical reference for the policy makers with inspection capacity constraints to achieve higher compliance rate. 相似文献
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我国典型南方城市臭氧污染特征 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
分析了我国典型南方城市的臭氧污染特征,选取我国4个有代表性的南方重点城市武汉、宁波、中山和南宁的2013—2015年监测数据,使用EXCEL、ORIGIN和MATLAB等统计软件开展研究,结果表明:我国南方典型城市的臭氧质量浓度分布有明显时间变化特征,超标时间跨度大,部分南方城市与氮氧化物存在较明显负相关性,相关系数高于-0.6;受城市所在不同地理位置、气象因素、大气扩散条件及可能的不同本地排放污染源构成等因素影响,4个城市的近3年臭氧浓度月均值、超标情况和年内峰值均存在一定差异和分组相似性;与部分气象因素也表现出显著相关性。 相似文献