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181.
In the summer of 2004, a video survey was carried out in the northern part of the central mud bank (Grande Vasière) of the
Bay of Biscay to study the small scale relationship between the dominant crustacean megafauna Nephrops norvegicus, Munida rugosa and Goneplax rhomboides and juvenile hake (Merluccius merluccius). Using a towed body, high-resolution videos were recorded in six sampling sites. Statistical modelling using generalised
additive models (GAM) revealed variations in activity patterns for two species. More N. norvegicus were observed outside their burrows at dawn and somewhat at dusk (no observations during night) while G. rhomboides was less observed in the morning. In addition, reduced spatial overlap between G. rhomboides and N. norvegicus suggested reduced competition for food but also space as both are burrowing species. The observed temporal and spatial activity
patterns may contribute to regulating assemblage structure as competing species may be actively foraging at different times
and locations thus reducing direct competition. 相似文献
182.
Tov Elperin Nathan Kleeorin Michael A. Liberman Victor S. L’vov Igor Rogachevskii 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2007,7(2):173-193
A mechanism of formation of small-scale inhomogeneities in spatial distributions of aerosols and droplets associated with
clustering instability in the atmospheric turbulent flow is discussed. The particle clustering is a consequence of a spontaneous
breakdown of their homogeneous space distribution due to the clustering instability, and is caused by a combined effect of
the particle inertia and a finite correlation time of the turbulent velocity field. In this paper a theoretical approach proposed
in Elperin et al. (2002) Phys Rev E 66:036302 is further developed and applied to investigate the mechanisms of formation
of small-scale aerosol inhomogeneities in the atmospheric turbulent flow. The theory of the particle clustering instability
is extended to the case when the particle Stokes time is larger than the Kolmogorov time scale, but is much smaller than the
correlation time at the integral scale of turbulence. We determined the criterion of the clustering instability for the Stokes
number larger than 1. We discussed applications of the analyzed effects to the dynamics of aerosols and droplets in the atmospheric
turbulent flow. 相似文献
183.
Adam R. Smith William T. Wcislo Sean O’Donnell 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(7):1111-1120
Facultatively solitary and eusocial species allow for direct tests of the benefits of group living. We used the facultatively
social sweat bee Megalopta genalis to test several benefits of group living. We surveyed natural nests modified for observation in the field weekly for 5 weeks
in 2003. First, we demonstrate that social and solitary nesting are alternative behaviors, rather than different points on
one developmental trajectory. Next, we show that solitary nests suffered significantly higher rates of nest failure than did
social nests. Nest failure apparently resulted from solitary foundress mortality and subsequent brood orphanage. Social nests
had significantly higher productivity, measured as new brood cells provisioned during the study, than did solitary nests.
After accounting for nest failures, per capita productivity did not change with group size. Our results support key predictions
of Assured Fitness Return models, suggesting such indirect fitness benefits favor eusocial nesting in M. genalis. We compared field collections of natural nests to our observation nest data to show that without accounting for nest failures,
M. genalis appear to suffer a per capita productivity decrease with increasing group size. Calculating per capita productivity from
collected nests without accounting for the differential probabilities of survival across group sizes leads to an overestimate
of solitary nest productivity. 相似文献
184.
在实验室内模拟研究的基础上,运用生理生态学的原理,研究了水盐胁迫对钠猪毛菜(salsola nitraria)和散枝猪毛菜(salsola brachiata)种子萌发的影响,结果显示,钠猪毛菜与散枝猪毛菜种子萌发的最适温度分别为25 ℃和15 ℃.在盐溶液和PEG溶液中,2种种子的萌发规律相似,即随着水势的降低,萌发率和萌发速率下降.在盐胁迫下钠猪毛菜和散枝猪毛菜种子萌发的最低水势接近-7.2 MPa;在水分胁迫下2种种子萌发的最低水势均未超过-2.0 MPa,其中,钠猪毛菜种子表现出较强的耐水分胁迫能力.在相同水势条件下,PEG对2种猪毛菜种子萌发的抑制程度显著大于等渗NaCl,说明渗透胁迫是影响2种植物种子萌发的主要因素. 相似文献
185.
S.M. Frolov V.Ya. Basevich V.A. Smetanyuk A.A. Belyaev H.J. Pasman 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2007,20(4-6):562-569
The objective of the study reported herein is to simulate various physical and chemical phenomena accompanying fuel-rich n-butane–oxygen mixture preparation, ignition, preflame oxidation, and combustion in the standard 20-l explosion vessel, by applying mathematical models. Based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the mixing process and natural convection of the ignition kernel, as well as on the analysis of the detailed reaction mechanism of n-butane oxidation, laminar flame propagation, and self-ignition, possible explanations for the phenomena observed experimentally have been suggested. The results of the study indicate that seemingly inflammable mixtures can become hazardous depending on the mixture preparation procedure and forced ignition timing. 相似文献
186.
E. G. Plotnikova D. O. Rybkina L. N. Anan’ina O. V. Yastrebova V. A. Demakov 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2006,37(4):233-240
Microorganisms capable of degrading monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and several chlorinated aromatic compounds were isolated from soils polluted with industrial waste from chemical plants. They were identified as representatives of the genera Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes, Rhodococcus, Microbacterium, Cellulomonas, Arthrobacter, and Brevibacterium. Among them, bacteria capable of utilizing xenobiotics in a wide range of ambient temperatures and pH and in the presence of high sodium chloride concentrations were revealed. 相似文献
187.
In beaver ponds, the species diversity, abundance, biomass, and production of cladocerans and the amount of food consumed by them have increased and the composition of dominant species has changed as compared to those in the stretches of small rivers with running water or dammed by man. The stimulating effect of water from a beaver pond has been confirmed in laboratory experiments. The average number of juvenile Ceriodaphnia affinis produced by one female was considerably greater in this water than in the water from flowing and dammed (by man) river stretches. 相似文献
188.
The effects of two exogenous factors, ground fires and industrial air pollution, on natural regeneration of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) cenopopulations have been studied in the Transural region. It has been found that an increased level of air pollution leads to a decrease in the abundance and occurrence frequency of pine undergrowth; as the intensity of ground fire increases, these parameters of the postfire generation of undergrowth increase as well, especially in background areas. As shown by two-way ANOVA, either of these factors and their interaction have a significant effect on the density of pine undergrowth, with this effect being stronger in the case of ground fires. 相似文献
189.
D’Amico Sebastiano Comite Valeria Paladini Giuseppe Ricca Michela Colica Emanuele Galone Luciano Guido Sante Mantella Giuseppe Crupi Vincenza Majolino Domenico Fermo Paola La Russa Mauro Francesco Randazzo Luciana Venuti Valentina 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(20):29478-29497
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, a multimethodological analysis involving optical and physical/chemical diagnostic techniques and 3D photogrammetric survey was... 相似文献
190.
D’Adamo Idiano Lupi Gianluca Morone Piergiuseppe Settembre-Blundo Davide 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(31):46620-46633
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The transition to a circular economy is a key concern for the fashion industry. The emerging second-hand market is a practice that could enable the... 相似文献