中国“厕所革命”的现状、问题及其对策思考

"厕所革命"是涉及厕所污染物的收集、贮存、运输、处理、处置、利用等过程的生态链工程,强调物质、能量系统、污染物处理、污水回用的闭路循环,已成为我国乡村振兴、旅游发展、智能化产业战略的重要组成部分;目前,全世界范围内厕所卫生状况不容乐观,特别是一些农村地区和欠发达地区。在充分研究国内外"厕所革命"现状的基础上,结合我国国情以及未来发展规划,深入分析目前我国卫生厕所所面临的各种问题和挑战,并提出相对应的对策。     

三氯生对水生生物的毒性效应研究进展

三氯生(TCS)作为一种广谱抗菌剂,在个人护理品中的广泛应用,将使其不可避免地释放到水环境中.随着在河流、湖泊、河口系统等水环境以及水生生物体内检测到TCS,TCS对于水生生物的生态毒理效应引起了学者们的广泛关注.本文概述了TCS在水环境及水生生物体内的赋存状况,归纳总结了TCS对水生生物的急性毒性、亚急性毒性、酶及基因毒性、内分泌干扰性及其降解产物毒性,最后展望了TCS对水生生物的生态毒理效应这一研究领域的发展方向.     

麦秸还田与土壤耕作对稻季CH_4和N_2O排放的影响

2008年在大田试验条件下,设置麦秸还田旋耕、麦秸不还田旋耕、麦秸还田翻耕、麦秸不还田翻耕4个处理,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法田间原位观测稻麦两熟制农田水稻生长季CH_4和N_2O排放通量,研究小麦秸秆全量还田与土壤耕作两项技术措施对稻季CH_4和N_2O排放的影响及其温室效应,以期为稻麦两熟制农田温室气体减排提供对策.结果表明:麦秸还田对稻季CH_4排放总量的影响达极显著水平,麦秸还田与耕作方式的互作效应对CH_4排放总量有显著影响,麦秸还田和耕作方式对N_2O排放总量的影响均达极显著水平;不同麦秸还田与土壤耕作处理稻季OH4排放总量为:麦秸还田旋耕>麦秸还田翻耕>麦秸不还田翻耕>麦秸不还田旋耕,N_2O的排放总量为:麦秸不还田翻耕>麦秸不还田旋耕>麦秸还田翻耕>麦秸还田旋耕;与麦秸不还田相比,相同耕作措施下麦秸还用排放CH_44和N_2O所产生的全球增温潜势(GWP)明显提高.麦秸还田条件下旋耕处理的GWP高于翻耕处理,而"单位产量的GWP"无明显差异,麦秸不还田条件下采用旋耕措施较翻耕可减轻温室效应.     

Biosorption of clofibric acid and carbamazepine in aqueous solution by agricultural waste rice straw

Due to their widespread use, clofibric acid （CA） and carbamazepine （CBZ） have been frequently detected simultaneously at relatively high concentrations in aquatic environments. In this study, agricultural waste rice straw was employed as a potentially low-cost, effective and easy-to-operate biosorbent （RSB） to remove CA and CBZ. The adsorption of both pharmaceuticals followed pseudo second-order kinetics, and intraparticle diffusion was an important rate-limiting step. The adsorption isotherms of both drugs were fit well with Freundlich model. The adsorption of CA onto RSB was exothermic and was more likely to be dominated by physical processes, while the adsorption of CBZ was endothermic. Solution pH was determined to be the most important factor for CA adsorption, such that the adsorption capacity of CA onto RSB increased with the decline of solution pH. In the lower range of solution pH below 3. l, the CA removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase of biosorbent dosage. The CBZ removal efficiency was enhanced with the increase of RSB dosage without pH control. The maximum adsorption capacities were 126.3 mg/g for CA and 40.0 mg/g for CBZ.     

Hydrogels for the removal of the methylene blue dye from wastewater: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Water pollution is a major environmental issue with the rapid development of industry. Therefore, advanced technologies and materials are needed to remove...