Baseline soil levels of PCDD/Fs established prior to the construction of municipal solid waste incinerators in China

In order to determine the baseline contamination by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in different areas in China, prior to the construction of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs), a total of 32 representative soil samples was collected near 16 incinerators and analyzed for their PCDD/F concentrations. The PCDD/F baseline concentrations in the soil samples ranged from 0.32 to 11.4 ng I-TEQ kg⁻¹ (dry matter), with average and median value of 2.73 and 2.24 ng I-TEQ kg⁻¹ (dry matter), respectively, and a span between maximum and minimum recorded value of 36. The PCDD homologues predominated in 26 out of 32 soil samples, with the ratio (PCDDs)/(PCDFs) ranging from 1.1 to 164; however in the other 6 samples, PCDF homologues were larger, with the same ratio varying from 0.04 to 0.8. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to examine PCDD/F amount and profile in these soil samples, and their possible associations with known emission sources: in this process 6 really distinct isomer fingerprints were identified. Background PCDD/F levels and profiles were comparable to those found in soils from China and other countries and indicate a rather low baseline PCDD/F contamination of soils. The present data provide the tools for future assessment of a possible impact of these MSWIs.     

Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic study on pyrolysis of representative medical waste composition

To obtain detailed information on the pyrolysis characteristics, a thermogravimetric study on the pyrolysis of 14 typical medical waste compositions was carried out in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) equipment using dynamic techniques in a stream of N(2). An index representing pyrolysis reactivity of waste was presented. Kinetic parameters were obtained by Coats-Redfern method and used to model the TG curve. The results showed that: (a) Plastic, protein, cellulosic material, synthetic fibre, and rubber entered pyrolysis process in succession. (b) There was one decomposition stage in the pyrolysis of one-off medical glove, operating glove, cellulosic waste, absorbable catgut suture and adhesive plaster, while other components had two obvious weight loss stages. (c) The obtained apparent activation energy for second stage pyrolysis was comparably higher than that for first stage. (d) Each stage was controlled by only one kinetic mechanism, in which kinetic parameters were constant. (e) The degradation kinetics of medical waste may be affected by special physical and chemical treatment in the product manufacturing process. (f) Among 13 waste samples, the pyrolysis index of cellulosic matter was the highest, which indicated cellulosic matter had strong pyrolysis reactivity. (g) With increasing heating rate, TG curve and DTG peak shifted to high temperatures and main reaction interval of the sample became longer.     

随机振动加速度响应谱及与冲击等效性分析

目的 获得随机振动的加速度响应谱,提升随机振动与冲击的等效性分析精度。方法 首先,基于维纳-辛钦定理,推导单自由度系统在随机振动基础激励作用下加速度响应均方值的通用表达式;其次,分别推导单自由度系统在理想白噪声和限带非均匀谱随机振动基础激励作用下的加速度响应均方值;再次,基于3σ准则,推导限带非均匀谱随机振动的3σ加速度响应谱;最后,基于加速度响应等效,通过将装备随机振动条件的3σ加速度响应谱与冲击条件的冲击响应谱进行等效性分析,对GJB 150.18A—2009中的冲击试验剪裁条件进行精细优化。结果 精细优化后,可有效改善冲击试验剪裁条件的工程实施精度。结论 获得了限带非均匀谱随机振动的3σ加速度响应谱,并基于此对GJB 150.18A—2009中的冲击试验剪裁条件进行了精细优化,对于装备合理剪裁冲击试验具有借鉴意义。     

铝合金微电偶腐蚀机理与数值模拟研究进展

综述了铝合金微电偶腐蚀在机理研究和数值模拟两方面的研究进展,针对独立微电偶的腐蚀机理表征、多元微电偶空间随机分布相互作用规律、结构/载荷因素与铝合金微电偶腐蚀驱动力间的竞争机制等3个方面进行了展望,期望为铝合金微电偶腐蚀研究提供方向参考。     

用废腈纶制备高分子增稠剂

以废腈纶为原料，经碱法水解反应和扩链反应制取乳液用高分子增稠剂。水解工艺条件为水解温度95℃，水解时间4h；水解配方为m(PAN)：m(NaOH)：m(H2O)=1：0．6：5；扩链反应温度95℃，扩链反应时间约4h。对不同乳液体系进行的增稠性能评价及应用表明，利用该技术制备出的高分子增稠剂性能优良，应用范围广泛。现已建成一套生产能力为1000t/a的工业装置。     

内容依托教学在高职商务英语专业的应用效果研究

选取47名高职商务英语专业的学生为研究对象,采用教学前后对比的方式,考察内容依托教学对学生英语能力、学习兴趣及时代意识的影响。研究表明,除写作能力外,通过内容依托教学学生的英语能力有很大提高,尤其是阅读能力。此外,内容依托教学还提升了学生的学习兴趣,以及跨时代、跨学科的学习意识。     

富硒甘蓝的降糖功效研究

糖尿病是一种氧化失调症状,患者血浆中抗氧化剂如VC、VE和硒的水平比对照低.硒作为多种抗氧化酶的活性中心,能降低氧化胁迫对身体的损伤.研究了富硒甘蓝对糖尿病小鼠的降糖功效.结果表明,经过富硒甘蓝汁灌胃后的糖尿病小鼠血糖显著降低,耐糖量改善.同时,富硒小鼠的T-AOC、SOD、GSH-Px活性明显高于对照组,而MDA明显降低,提示硒可在一定程度上改善糖尿病小鼠的糖代谢紊乱.甘蓝中的有机硒主要以甲基硒半胱氨酸形式存在,是一种安全的食源性补硒形式.     

强制性内循环快速启动IC厌氧反应器过程的研究

如何在短时间内快速启动厌氧反应器是厌氧处理工程中的关键。本文对IC厌氧反应器分别进行强制性内循环启动和常规启动实验。结果表明 ,强制性内循环启动的反应器充分利用了内循环缓冲 pH和抗冲击负荷的能力 ,创造良好的微生物生长环境 ,最终只用了 5 4天就完成整个启动 ,比常规方式启动缩短近一个月 ,是一种值得借鉴的启动方式     

中国水土保持生态服务功能价值估算及其空间分布

水土资源是人类赖以生存的重要的物质基础,水土保持作为人类对生态系统干预的有效手段,其生态服务功能价值也受到越来越多的重视。论文选取土壤保持价值和涵养水源价值两项指标,结合遥感数据、气象数据以及地面数据,对原有的基于遥感的水土保持生态服务功能价值估算模型进行改进,以期更好地体现水土保持生态服务功能应有的价值。论文运用改进后的模型估算2001年全国水土保持生态服务功能价值达16 760.55×108元,基本呈自东南向西北递减趋势。     

生态系统结构对太湖有机聚集体理化性质的影响

2007年1~12月对太湖4个不同生态类型湖区水体中有机聚集体(organic aggregates,OA)的丰度、有机质含量和营养盐(N、P)含量及其它水环境因子进行了同步监测.结果表明,①OA是太湖水体中营养盐的一个重要来源,其N、P含量分别占水体中TN、TP的16.5%及43.3%;②水体中OA的丰度与水体的富营养化程度密切相关,随着水体富营养化水平的提高和浮游植物生物量的增加,OA丰度及其中有机质的含量也呈现逐渐上升的趋势;③风浪扰动对太湖水体中OA的理化性质影响较大.OA作为营养盐的一个重要载体,可能是浅水湖泊营养盐循环中的一个关键点.