电解锰废水中锰（Mn^2＋）和氨—氮（NH3—N）的处理

本文讨论了沉淀法和空气提气法去除电解锰废水中含有的锰(Mn~(2+))和氨-氮(NH_3-N),并研究了该方法的最佳条件,为废水日排放量在300—400T之间的工厂设计了废水处理路线。结果表明,上述方法处理后的废水中Mn~(2+)和NH_3-N含量达到或低于国家污水排放标准。     

环境标志计划与中国循环经济探讨

经济发展模式的优劣直接影响着社会发展形态的性质和方向。循环经济发展模式是实现低资源能源消耗、高经济效益、低污染排放,既生态经济。环境标志计划以生命周期评价为理论基础,对产品的环境行为进行控制,推动循环经济发展,环境标志计划是推动循环经济发展的动力。     

模拟垃圾填埋场稳定化过程研究

采用垃圾填埋堆体模拟装置，对杭州市城市生活垃圾在１９９８年２月至１９９８年１０月期间稳定化过程中的垃圾渗滤液水质指标变化、堆体内部温度变化、垃圾减量化、沉降高度和产气量进行了研究，装入模拟装置的２２１ｋｇ生活垃圾经８个月的降解后，垃圾减量化显著，总量降至１２７ｋｇ，其中有机组分由９４．８ｋｇ（４２．９％）降至２０．９３ｋｇ（１６．５％），无机组分由７２．７１ｋｇ（３２．９％）降至５３．６５ｋｇ（４     

淮河流域人地系统的自组织分析

本文从系统论的角度出发 ,从组织序变、耗散结构、协同互补、系统演化的动力机制等方面分析了淮河流域人地系统的优化、平衡及有效调控机理 ,为实现淮河流域的可持续发展提供理论依据 ,并提出了提高系统的自组织能力、激活系统的动力机制的战略举措     

镉对沉水植物硝酸还原酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

研究了重金属污染物镉对４种沉水植物（红线草，金鱼藻，黑藻和菹草）硝酸还原酶和超氧化物歧化酶的分子毒理学效应。实验结果表明，一定浓度的镉能诱导沉水植物的硝酸还原酶活性，抑制沉水植物超氧化物歧化酶活性，从而破坏其抗氧化防御系统。镉对沉水植物的毒害存在明显的剂量／效应关系。建议以硝酸还原酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性变化作为沉水植物受重金属污染的生态毒理学指标。     

京津冀地区产城空间布局特征与人居风险评估

京津冀地区人口集中,具有重要的人居安全保障功能,但区域城镇化发展水平空间差异显著,产城混杂和“散乱污”问题突出,城镇人居环境安全面临严峻挑战,空间布局有待进一步优化。通过地理信息系统对产城空间关系进行分析,同时将人居风险敏感性通过特征指标进行赋值并落到地理空间上,分析发现京津地区、京石一线和唐山等地是京津冀人居安全最敏感、厂房最密集区域,该区域除京津地区工业厂房郊区化趋势明显外,唐山和冀中南地区人口分布与城镇边界、工业厂房分布空间高度重叠,产城关系复杂。最后在人居安全与产城关系分析的基础上,对城镇空间格局优化和人居安全保障提出建议。     

Effects of cultivation strategies on the cultivation of Chlorella sp. HQ in photoreactors

Heterotrophic cultivation caused high level of ROS and high lipids accumulation. HMTC is the best culture strategy for improving the microalgal biomass. Chlorella sp. HQ had great nutrient removal capacity under five culture strategies. The effects of cultivation strategies (including autotrophic cultivation (AC), heterotrophic cultivation (HC), fed-batch cultivation (FC), heterotrophic+ autotrophic two-stage cultivation (HATC), and heterotrophic+ mixotrophic two-stage cultivation (HMTC)) on the growth and lipid accumulation of Chlorella sp. HQ and its total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal in secondary effluent were investigated in column photoreactors. The results showed that the TN and TP removal rates ranged between 93.72%–95.82% and 92.73%–100%, respectively, under the five different strategies. The microalgal growth potential evaluated by the maximal growth rate (R_max) was in the order of HMTC>HC>FC>AC>HATC. The values of biomass, total lipid yield, triacylglycerols (TAGs) yield, and total lipid content of the microalga cultivated in the last 5 d increased significantly, but the TAGs productivities of the five strategies were lower than those in the first 7 d. Compared with all the other cultivation strategies, the TAGs productivity and yield after 12 d of cultivation under the heterotrophic condition reached the highest values accompanying the highest level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), in which the TAGs yield reached 40.81 mg/L at the end of the cultivation period. The peaks in TAGs yield and ROS level suggested that HC was beneficial for lipids accumulation via regulating the cellular redox status and exerting ROS stress on microalgal cells. In summary, HMTC was the best cultivation strategy for improving the microalgal biomass and HC was the best strategy for microalgal TAGs accumulation to produce biodiesel.     

层状云降水中化学过程的数值模拟

对一维时变的层状云物理化学模式的化学过程作了研究,引入了较为细致的化学模式,并以类似化学反应方程式的方式处理了气液传输、碰并和云雨转化过程。在此基础上讨论了典型条件下的云雨酸化过程。模拟结果表明,高空云雨水组成随时间逐渐减小,地面雨水组成呈峰型分布。在降水后期pH值主要同O₃和SO₂有关;主要来自气溶胶,来自NH₃,气体和气溶胶对的贡献大致相当,和Ca￣(2＋)的云下清除约占60％～80％;在降水前期H₂O₂时S(Ⅳ)的氧化超过O₃,降水后期S(Ⅳ)的氧化主要通过O₃。      

Fenton反应中氧化还原电势的变化规律

Fenton反应中,由于各种介质价态及形态的改变,氧化还原电位(ORP)也随之发生变化．在滴加H2O2过程中,H2O2／[Fe^2 ]0的摩尔比小于0．75时,ORP的升高是一个快速过程;大于0．75后,ORP的变化趋于缓慢．当体系中没有加入有机物时,随着过量H2O2的加入,Fe^2 以微量且较稳定的浓度存在,体系的ORP也保持较稳定的状态;当加入石油烃后,伴随着H2O2浓度降至微量,少量Fe^3 能被有机自由基还原成Fe^2 ,相对应的ORP也出现下降．不同H2O2浓度对应不同的ORP曲线,H2O2浓度愈高,ORP最大值出现得也愈迟．通过研究ORP的变化规律,进一步揭示了Fenton反应的机理．     

Statistical regression modeling for energy consumption in wastewater treatment

Wastewater treatment is one of critical issues faced by water utilities, and receives more and more attentions recently. The energy consumption modeling in biochemical wastewater treatment was investigated in the study via a general and robust approach based on Bayesian semi-parametric quantile regression. The dataset was derived from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, where the energy consumption of unit chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction was the response variable of interest. Via the proposed approach, the comprehensive regression pictures of the energy consumption and truly influencing factors, i.e., the regression relationships at lower, median and higher energy consumption levels were characterized respectively. Meanwhile, the proposals for energy saving in different cases were also facilitated specifically. First, the lower level of energy consumption was closely associated with the temperature of influent wastewater, and the chroma-rich wastewater also showed helpful in the execution of energy saving. Second, at median energy consumption level, the COD-rich wastewater played a determinative role in the reduction of energy consumption, while the higher quality of treated water led to slightly energy intensive. Third, the higher level of energy consumption was most likely to be attributed to the relatively high temperature of wastewater and total nitrogen (TN)-rich wastewater, and both of the factors were preferably to be avoided to alleviate the burden of energy consumption. The study provided an efficient approach to controlling the energy consumption of wastewater treatment in the perspective of statistical regression modeling, and offered valuable suggestions for the future energy saving.