臭氧氧化降解苊的中间产物分析

苊属于EPA优先污染物名单上的物质,其在染料、化工等行业有着广泛的应用.它具有水溶性低、易蓄积、难生物降解的特点.臭氧氧化法可以对其有效的降解,但是过量的臭氧也难以实现对苊的矿化,在苊浓度下降的同时将生成中间产物.中间产物包括多种含一个苯环的酯和直链的酸、醇、酯等.     

造纸工业废水治理技术综述

目前我国造纸业大多以草类、再生纸为原料生产纸品,造纸废水的污染日益严重,造纸废水的处理已经提上日程.本文针对废水中主要污染物的不同,对其处理方法、治理技术、工艺分别进行了论述,并提出了建议.     

城市生活垃圾渗透系数测试研究

采用常水头测渗实验，对不同压实密度和水力梯度下的新鲜垃圾与陈垃圾的渗透系数进行测试，根据达西定律求得渗透系数值。由于垃圾的不均匀性、小颗粒的运动和大孔隙沟道流的形成和改变，实验初始阶段渗透系数值先增大至峰值，然后缓慢降低直至趋于稳定。实验稳定后，新鲜垃圾压实密度为0．75—0．95t／m^3时，渗透系数值约为1．26E-03～1．43E-03cm／s。陈垃圾在压实密度分别为1．2和1．4t／m^3时，渗透系数为8．29E-04和1．35E-04cm／s。     

Optimum conditions for Al13 polymer formation in PACl preparation by electrolysis process

This paper introduces a new and effective method for preparation of PACl-electrolysis process. A series of PACl with high content of Al13 polymer was successfully prepared by electrolysis process. The amount of Al13 polymer formed in electrolysis process was found to be highly influenced by current density (di), the distance between the electrodes, electrolysis time and the stirring rate of the electrolyte. For the AlT (total aluminum concentration) of 2.0 M PACl obtained by electrolysis process, the optimal di and distance between the electrodes were 1.1 Adm(-2) and 10 mm respectively. The optimum circulating rate was 5.5 l h(-1). Because of the inhomogeneous pH between the surface of cathode and the bulk solution, the electrolysis process has the advantage to form more Al(OH)4- as precursor of Al13 polymer. At the optimum condition, Al13 polymer accounted for above 70% of AlT (PACl of AlT=2.0 M and B=2.0), which was much higher than that of PACl prepared by other method.     

Removal of alachlor from water by catalyzed ozonation in the presence of Fe2+, Mn2+, and humic substances

The effects of Fe(II), Mn(III) and humic substances on the catalyzed ozonation of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor were investigated. Results revealed that small amounts of Fe(II), Mn(II), and humic substances could enhance the ozonation of alachlor, but larger amounts of them would retard the oxidation. These results were successfully identified by an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy spin-trapping method that could quantify hydroxyl radicals. The production of hydroxyl radicals was obviously increased with the increasing of Fe(II) concentration, which contributed to enhance ozonation at low concentrations. But the excess Fe(II) consumed some of the radicals when it was added at a higher concentration (1.5 mg/L). However, no obvious radicals were observed when a different amount of Mn(II) was used, and the catalytic ozonation of alachlor by Mn(II) mainly followed the mechanism of "active sites created on the surface of MnO2." The radical pathway was followed when alachlor was ozonated with different concentrations of humic substances because of its radical initiating, promoting, and inhibiting effects.     

土壤中水动力弥散系数的研究进展

从溶质运移的基本方程出发 ,系统论述了国内外对土壤中水动力弥散系数测定方法的研究进展 ,并指出了上述各种方法的适用条件及存在的问题     

微囊藻毒素污染控制技术的研究进展

主要对水环境中微囊藻毒素污染的产生、毒性和去除方法进行了综述,在如何高效去除MCs方面具有重要意义.     

SiO_3~(2-)离子的加入对脉冲倒极电解合成PASiC的研究

探索了试验过程中SiO2 -3 离子团的加入对脉冲自动倒极电解法合成聚合氯化硅酸铝中Alb 含量的影响。通过试验确定了最佳摩尔比。在脉冲倒极周期和电解槽电流一定的情况下 ,当总铝AlT 与SiO2 -3 的摩尔比为 10∶1～ 2 0∶1时 ;在此合成条件下制备液中Alb 含量超过 80 % ;处理模拟水样最佳投药量为 :0 5～ 5mgAl2 O3 /L。在制备过程中 ,极化现象得到了极好的控制 ,电解槽电压和电流十分稳定     

Comparison of the effects of aluminum and iron(Ⅲ) salts on ultrafiltration membrane biofouling in drinking water treatment

Coagulation plays an important role in alleviating membrane fouling, and a noticeable problem is the development of microorganisms after long-time operation, which gradually secrete extracellular polymeric substances(EPS). To date, few studies have paid attention to the behavior of microorganisms in drinking water treatment with ultrafiltration(UF)membranes. Herein, the membrane biofouling was investigated with different aluminum and iron salts. We found that Al_2(SO_4)_3·18 H_2O performed better in reducing membrane fouling due to the slower growth rate of microorganisms. In comparison to Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O,more EPS were induced with Fe_2(SO_4)_3·x18H_2O, both in the membrane tank and the sludge on the cake layer. We also found that bacteria were the major microorganisms, of which the concentration was much higher than those of fungi and archaea. Further analyses showed that Proteobacteria was dominant in bacterial communities, which caused severe membrane fouling by forming a biofilm, especially for Fe_2(SO_4)_3·x18H_2O. Additionally, the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were relatively higher in the presence of Al_2(SO_4)_3·18 H_2O,resulting in less severe biofouling by effectively degrading the protein and polysaccharide in EPS. As a result, in terms of microorganism behaviors, Al-based salts should be given preference as coagulants during actual operations.     

基于多孔介质流固耦合计算的浅层流工程危害预测

依据某深海区断块油气藏的地质相关数据,基于地层多孔介质变形机理和多孔介质流固耦合理论,在ADINA软件中通过组合应用Parasoid建模方法,建立三维实体元模型,通过建立固体与流体模型、加载荷载以及选择模型参数,分析地层变形情况,计算不同参数下的井眼流速,从而进行钻遇浅层流时的灾害预测。