地面运动最大幅值、到时的差动特性

利用ＳＭＡＲＴ－１台阵３次地震的水平分量加速度记录统计了局部场地上地震动加速度最大幅值、到时的变化特性。统计结果表明：在局部场地上，地震动加速度的最大幅值随土层厚度和测点坐标的变化是显著的，而到时变化仅依赖于测点坐标     

我国沙漠化灾害的发展及其危害

沙漠化灾害是在特定自然环境背景下产生的,严重危及人类生产和生存。文章着重阐述沙漠化发展对农、牧业、工矿交通及环境等方面造成的经济损失。据初步统计,全国每年因沙漠化遭受的直接经济损失达36～45亿元,间接经济损失高达292亿元以上。同时,指出沙漠化的实质是从根本上毁损土壤肥力,丧失人类赖以生存的土地。因此,从沙漠化发生时间的频繁性、经常性,空间分布的广泛性,致害的多样性及造成的经济损失严重性看,沙漠化灾害是我国严重自然灾害之一。     

Plant-trait-based modeling assessment of ecosystem-service sensitivity to land-use change

Evidence is accumulating that the continued provision of essential ecosystem services is vulnerable to land-use change. Yet, we lack a strong scientific basis for this vulnerability as the processes that drive ecosystem-service delivery often remain unclear. In this paper, we use plant traits to assess ecosystem-service sensitivity to land-use change in subalpine grasslands. We use a trait-based plant classification (plant functional types, PFTs) in a landscape modeling platform to model community dynamics under contrasting but internally consistent land-use change scenarios. We then use predictive models of relevant ecosystem attributes, based on quantitative plant traits, to make projections of ecosystem-service delivery. We show that plant traits and PFTs are effective predictors of relevant ecosystem attributes for a range of ecosystem services including provisioning (fodder), cultural (land stewardship), regulating (landslide and avalanche risk), and supporting services (plant diversity). By analyzing the relative effects of the physical environment and land use on relevant ecosystem attributes, we also show that these ecosystem services are most sensitive to changes in grassland management, supporting current agri-environmental policies aimed at maintaining mowing of subalpine grasslands in Europe.     

Forecasting industrial emissions: a monetary approach vs. a physical approach

Forecasts of industrial emissions provide a basis for impact assessment and development planning. To date, most studies have assumed that industrial emissions are simply coupled to production value at a given stage of technical progress. It has been argued that the monetary method tends to overestimate pollution loads because it is highly influenced by market prices and fails to address spatial development schemes. This article develops a land use-based environmental performance index (L-EPI) that treats the industrial land areas as a dependent variable for pollution emissions. The basic assumption of the method is that at a planning level, industrial land use change can represent the change in industrial structure and production yield. This physical metric provides a connection between the state-of-the-art and potential impacts of future development and thus avoids the intrinsic pitfalls of the industrial Gross Domestic Product-based approach. Both methods were applied to examine future industrial emissions at the planning area of Dalian Municipality, North-west China, under a development scheme provided by the urban master plan. The results suggested that the LEPI method is highly reliable and applicable for the estimation and explanation of the spatial variation associated with industrial emissions.     

MCM - 41中孔分子筛对铜离子吸附性能的研究

以MCM-41中孔分子筛（简称MCM-41）为吸附剂,对含Cu^2＋的溶液进行了静态吸附实验。结果表明：MCM-41对Cu^2＋的吸附量较大,约为283．0mg／g;Cu^2＋的去除率随吸附液pH的增大和吸附温度的升高而增加;MCM-41对Cu^2＋的吸附性能符合Langmuir吸附方程的特征;Cu^2＋的吸附过程为自发的吸热吸附过程。     

等离子在卷烟厂除异味系统中的应用研究

卷烟厂中存在很多醛,酮有害气体,会大大降低工作环境的质量。针对此问题,提出了在高压直流上叠加高频电压交流脉冲的基础上调节可变电容改变电路阻抗的方法改进等离子体除异味装置。在高频高压脉冲电源下,利用可变电容与交直流叠加技术,产生高频高压快速上升沿的交流脉冲,改变负载回路上的阻抗,比较品质因数不同情况下产生的等离子,满足产生更佳低温等离子体的需求。经仿真实验结果和烟厂异味气体的成分分析表明,利用该方法可以达到除异味的理想效果,使工作环境得到更大更好的改善。     

热成形和热处理对3.5Ni钢力学性能的影响

本文研究了不同厚度3.5Ni低温钢板以不同热成形加热温度和冷却条件成形后的力学性能变化。通过对经历热成形同样加热和冷却条件的母材试板重新进行不同规范的正火和回火,对材料被损坏的性能进行了恢复和提高,为低温钢设备的制造提供了可靠的工艺依据。     

天然高分子吸附剂研究——羧甲基交联壳聚糖树脂的合成及吸附特性

以壳聚糖为原料，经乙二醇双缩水甘油醚交联后，与氯乙酸反应，合成了羧甲基交联壳聚糖树脂，并研究了其对Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋，Ｃｏ＾２＋的静态吸附性能，结果表明，该树脂对上述３种金属离子均具有良好的吸附性能，其吸附容量分别达２．２５，１．９８和１．８１ｍｍｏｌ·ｇ＾－１。     

城市内城河污染如何进行点源排查及针对性治理的探讨

经济的高速发展,使人们的生活水平不断提高,从而对所生活的城市空间的要求也越来越高.内城河作为城市景观风貌和休闲空间的重要组成部分,近年来由于水体黑臭,表面脏物漂流,已成为群众投诉较多的社会热点问题,如何对内城河水体进行整治,是目前亟需解决的问题.以靖江市内城河渔婆港治理为例,探讨如何从河道沿线排查,以及根据排查情况提出具体的针对性治理措施,以此切实有效地处理群众反响较大的内城河污染,从根本上改善内城河周边环境,提升群众生活质量.     

固化/稳定化处理污泥填埋气液转化模式

固化/稳定化污泥进行填埋产生填埋气,产气规律是指导填埋气收集处理系统设计的重要依据。通过构建大型填埋柱模拟填埋实验,研究不同固化材料添加量污泥气液转化规律。实验结果表明,原泥和固化污泥产气规律分为2种类型:前期产气速率呈线性增加,达到最大速率后产气速率呈指数降低。低添加量的固化污泥,产气分3个阶段,分别为产气抑制期、增长期和衰减期。高添加量固化污泥,产气只有一个阶段,产气速率随着时间推移逐渐减小,产气量很小。固化污泥降解过程就是有机质含量降低,气体产量、含水率增加相互转化过程,达到固化材料添加量25%时,水分和气体产生量均很小,降解受到很强抑制,产气150 d左右稳定,产气量很小,无需单独设置气体收集系统。