辽宁本溪大气颗粒物浓度特征

利用本溪大气成分监测站2008年3月至2009年2月大气颗粒物监测仪GRIMM180的连续监测资料,对该地区大气颗粒物的质量浓度变化、谱分布特征以及大气颗粒物与气象因素的关系进行分析研究.结果表明,本溪PM10和PM2.5平均质量浓度分别为0.086 mg.m-3和0.058 mg.m-3,其日平均质量浓度变化幅度较大;冬季和夏季质量浓度日变化均呈现明显的双峰双谷特征;数浓度谱分布较好地符合Junge分布;PM10日平均值超标率为8.7%,且大气颗粒物主要是以细粒子的形式存在;随风速的增大大气颗粒物质量浓度基本呈现逐渐减小的趋势,当风速〉0.6 m.s-1时,大气颗粒物质量浓度随风速增大下降明显,风速〉3.0 m.s-1时,下降的趋势减缓;降水过程对大气颗粒物有清除作用,其中对粗粒子的清除效果非常明显.     

Characteristics of volatile compound emission and odor pollution from municipal solid waste treating/disposal facilities of a city in Eastern China

Transfer station, incineration plant, and landfill site made up the major parts of municipal solid waste disposal system of S city in Eastern China. Characteristics of volatile compounds (VCs) and odor pollution of each facility were investigated from a systematic perspective. Also major index related to odor pollution, i.e., species and concentration of VCs, olfactory odor concentration, and theoretic odor concentration, was quantified. Oxygenated compounds and hydrocarbons were the most abundant VCs in the three facilities. Different chemical species were quantified, and the following average concentrations were obtained: transfer station, 54 VCs, 2472.47 μg/m³; incineration plant, 75 VCs, 33,129.25 μg/m³; and landfill site, 71 VCs, 1694.33 μg/m³. Furthermore, the average olfactory odor concentrations were 20,388.80; 50,677.50; and 4951.17, respectively. The highest odor nuisance was detected in the waste tipping port of the incineration plant. A positive correlation between the olfactory and chemical odor concentrations was found with R ² = 0.918 (n = 15, P < 0.01). The result shows odor pollution risk transfer from landfill to incineration plant when adopting thermal technology to deal with the non-source-separated waste. Strong attention thus needs to be paid on the enclosed systems in incineration plant to avoid any accidental odor emission.

     

金纳米颗粒的掺杂蛋白介孔硅原位合成及其对p-硝基苯酚的催化

基于介孔硅材料,在其表面掺杂牛血清白蛋白,构建了一种可实现贵金属纳米材料原位制备的蛋白掺杂介孔材料MCM-BSA。通过紫外、红外、吸脱附、透射电镜等表征手段,表明掺杂后的材料兼有蛋白和介孔硅2种特性。以MCM-BSA为载体,即可原位还原氯金酸制备金纳米粒,获得负载金纳米粒的复合材料GNPs@MCM-BSA。以对硝基苯酚的催化还原为模型反应,考察了掺杂蛋白介孔硅负载的金纳米粒的催化性能,发现其具有很好的对硝基苯酚催化能力。更为重要的是,该复合材料可回收循环利用6次以上,对硝基苯酚的转化率都接近100%,表明掺杂蛋白介孔硅是一类性能优异的新型纳米晶载体,可应用于环境污染物的催化还原。     

Index System and Influence of Drought in Northwest China

Abstract

In this paper, the index systems of the agricultural drought and decrease percentage of grain crop are established. The trend and influence of drought in the region is analyzed based on the 50 years (1951–2000) statistical data of precipitation and 52 years (1951–2002) agricultural drought of the region, including five provinces: Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang. The result shows that the drought disaster is increasing and the most serious were in the 1970s and 1990s, and main agricultural drought is a great disaster incident. The regression prediction equation of drought and flood grades and agricultural drought areas grades are set up by the harmonic wave method, and forecasting the drought will lighten during the first ten years of the 21st century.     

Investigation on oxygen-controlled sewage sludge carbonization with low temperature: from thermal behavior to three-phase product properties

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A comprehensive study was conducted on the characteristics of oxygen-controlled carbonization process of sewage sludge (SS) using thermogravimetric...     

贵州七星洞石笋文石-方解石序列记录的气候变化

文石-方解石型石笋的矿物相变化可能与气候环境变化存在联系,但中国季风区有关此类石笋的古气候研究比较匮乏.本文对七星洞一个文石-方解石型石笋开展了岩石学鉴定和氧、碳同位素组成分析,发现其文石层的出现与δ18O值、δ13C值的显著偏正存在联系,通过对文石形成的可能机制和δ18O、δ13C值变化的一般规律进行综合分析,验证了...     

建筑施工现场作业人员安全培训模式的改进

施工作业人员的违章行为是导致建筑施工安全事故发生的主要原因,如何高效开展作业人员的安全培训是减少违章行为的关键.本文基于实地访谈与问卷调查,总结作业人员安全培训中存在的主要问题并分析原因;基于整体性、针对性、反馈性等原则提出改进方案,建立培训矩阵;依据系统型、柯氏评估等理论从培训需求、计划、实施、评估、监管等方面出发构建模式图;最后应用对比分析法和实证分析法,从培训满意度、"行为安全之星"数量、伤害率3方面对培训模式效果进行验证,结果表明:所构建安全培训矩阵能显著提升培训效果,减少作业人员的违章行为,取得良好效果.     

Formation and evolution of secondary particulate matter during heavy haze pollution episodes in winter in a severe cold climate region of Northeast China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The formation and evolution of sulfate (SO42?) and nitrate (NO3?) secondary contaminants under different stages of pollution episodes and...     

酞菁蓝颜料生产废水处理试验研究

采用初沉-电凝聚-加碱沉淀-生化工艺处理酞菁蓝颜料生产废水,试验表明,COD可从1190mg／L降至95．9mg／L,Cu^(2 )质量浓度可从163．5mg／L降至0．7mg／L,色度可从210倍降至43．3倍,出水COD、色度达到GB8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准,Cu达到二级排放标准。     

Biochar reduces cadmium accumulation in rice grains in a tungsten mining area-field experiment: effects of biochar type and dosage,rice variety,and pollution level

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Cadmium (Cd)-contaminated rice (Oryza sativa) in Southern China is a great threat to food security, and the paddy soil remediation is urgently needed to...