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71.
泉州市不同功能区土壤铅同位素组成及其来源分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为查明泉州市土壤铅的污染来源,采集了泉州市不同功能区表层(O~20cm)土壤及城市环境污染端元(燃煤尘、汽车尾气尘、污泥)样品.采用ICP-MS测定土壤Pb含量,用热电质谱仪测定各样品的铅同位素组成.分析结果表明,泉州市不同功能区表层土壤已受到一定程度铅污染;泉州市土壤铅同位素208 Pb/(207+206)Pb和206Pb/207 Pb比值变化较大,分别为1.0769~ 1.1486和1.1150~1.2142;泉州市区各端元组分铅同位素组成差别比较大,可以有效示踪和鉴别泉州市区环境铅的污染来源.运用铅同位素示踪技术追踪土壤铅的污染来源结果表明,泉州市区土壤总铅同位素和可溶相铅同位素组成变化较大,土壤中铅来源较为复杂.交通繁忙区土壤铅污染主要来源于汽车尾气排放,农业区土壤铅主要来源于城市污泥与当地土壤背景,商业区土壤铅主要来源于城市污泥与燃煤尘及其煤渣的排放,居民区土壤铅污染主要受城市污泥与汽车尾气排放影响. 相似文献
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Chengliang Li Andreas Schffer Harry Vereecken Marc Heggen Rong Ji Erwin Klumpp 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(3):466-472
The aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the aqueous phase not only inhibits their extensive utilization in various aspects but also dominates their environmental fate and transport.The role of surfactants at low concentration in the aggregation of MWCNTs has been studied,however the effect of perfluorinated surfactants at low concentration is uncertain.To understand this interfacial phenomenon,the influences of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA),and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a control,on MWCNT aggregation in the aqueous phase were examined by the UV absorbency method.Influences of pH and cationic species on the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) value were evaluated.The CCC values were dependent on the concentration of PFOA,however a pronounced effect of SDS concentration on the CCC values was not observed.The CCC values of the MWCNTs were 51.6 mmol/L in NaCl and 0.28 mmol/L in CaCl 2 solutions,which suggested pronounced differences in the effects of Na+ and Ca2+ ions on the aggregation of the MWCNTs.The presence of both PFOA and SDS significantly decreased the CCC values of the MWCNTs in NaCl solution.The aggregation of the MWCNTs took place under acidic conditions and was not notably altered under neutral and alkaline conditions due to the electrostatic repulsion of deprotonated functional groups on the surface of the MWCNTs. 相似文献
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Yilei Yu Xianfang Song Yinghua Zhang Fandong Zheng Ji Liang Dongmei Han Ying M Hongmei Bu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(9):1754-1763
Reclaimed water was successfully used to recover the dry Chaobai River in Northern China, but groundwater may be polluted. To ensure groundwater protection, it is therefore critical to identify the governing factors of groundwater chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly at Chaobai River from January to September in 2010. Fifteen water parameters were analyzed. Two kinds of reclaimed water were different in type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 or Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 ) and concentration of nitrogen. The ionic concentration and type in river were similar to reclaimed water. Some shallow wells near the river bed had the same type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 ) and high concentration as reclaimed water, but others were consistent with the deep wells (Ca-Mg-HCO3 ). Using cluster analysis, the 9 months were divided into two periods (dry and wet seasons), and all samples were grouped into several spatial clusters, indicating different controlling mechanisms. Principal component analysis and conventional ionic plots showed that calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate were controlled by water-rock interaction in all deep and some shallow wells. This included the dissolution of calcite and carbonate weathering. Sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfate in river and some shallow wells recharged by river were governed by evaporation crystallization and mixing of reclaimed water. But groundwater chemistry was not controlled by precipitation. During the infiltration of reclaimed water, cation exchange took place between (sodium, potassium) and (calcium, magnesium). Nitrification and denitrification both happened in most shallow groundwater, but only denitrification in deep groundwater. 相似文献
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萃取技术是一种样品前处理方法,可以用于水环境等领域的监测。其中较为受推崇的主要是快速萃取技术和固相萃取技术。本文通过快速萃取技术原理的简单分析,重点将其与传统的几种萃取技术进行了比较,并对未来的发展趋势作了简要展望。 相似文献
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蚂蚁的筑丘活动是草地生态系统中不可忽视的生物干扰因子。本文针对青海湖北岸高
寒草甸草原,调查了不同大小的蚁丘及其周围对照草地的土壤理化性质和植被状况。结果表明:
蚂蚁筑丘活动显著地降低了土壤容重和土壤湿度,增加土壤温度,但对土壤pH 值的影响较小。
蚂蚁扰动改变了群落组成,增加了大部分禾本科和豆科物种的重要值而降低了杂类草的重要值。
以莎草科的矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)和禾本科的异针茅(Stipa aliena Keng)、赖草(Leymus
secalinus)、溚草(Koeleria cristata)等为主的群落逐步演替为以禾本科的异针茅和赖草为主的
群落。植物群落的盖度降低但其地上、地下生物量增加;植物群落丰富度指数降低但均匀度指
数增加。 相似文献
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针对一起焦炭塔自动顶盖机泄漏着火事故,开展了现场设备检查、中控室工艺操作状况核查、监控视频调阅、相关人员讯问,以及及液压螺栓锁环行程和相关部件受力状况核算综合分析结果表明:除焦人员关闭事故焦炭塔自动顶盖机时,液压螺栓锁环未锁到位的失误操作是事故发生的直接原因;而部分液压螺栓升降失是,调节不当,在关盖操作中,伸出长度不够,致使锁环不能完全进入卡糟内,导致液压螺栓头部棱边挤压到锁环孔角,阻碍了锁环锁到位,是事故发生的间接原因. 相似文献