Sequential removal of heavy metals ions and organic pollutants using an algal-bacterial consortium

The residual algal-bacterial biomass from photosynthetically supported, organic pollutant biodegradation processes, in enclosed photobioreactors, was tested for its ability to accumulate Cu(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II). Salicylate was chosen as a model contaminant. The algal-bacterial biomass combined the high adsorption capacity of microalgae with the low cost of the residual biomass, which makes it an attractive biosorbent for environmental applications. Cu(II) was preferentially taken-up from the medium when the metals were present both separately and in combination. There was no observed competition for adsorption sites, which suggested that Cu(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) bind to different sites and that active Ni(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) binding groups were present at very low concentrations. Therefore, special focus was given to Cu(II) biosorption. Cu(II) biosorption by the algal-bacterial biomass was characterized by an initial fast cell surface adsorption followed by a slower metabolically driven uptake. pH, Cu(II), and algal-bacterial concentration significantly affected the biosorption capacity for Cu(II). Maximum Cu(II) adsorption capacities of 8.5+/-0.4 mg g-1 were achieved at an initial Cu(II) concentration of 20 mg l-1 and at pH 5 for the tested algal-bacterial biomass. These are consistent with values reported for other microbial sorbents under similar conditions. The desorption of Cu(II) from saturated biomass was feasible by elution with a 0.0125 M HCl solution. Simultaneous Cu(II) and salicylate removal in a continuous stirred tank photobioreactor was not feasible due to the high toxicity of Cu(II) towards the microbial culture. The introduction of an adsorption column, packed with the algal-bacterial biomass, prior to the photobioreactor reduced Cu(II) concentration, thereby allowing the subsequent salicylate biodegradation in the photobioreactor.     

北京市危险化学品安全生产技术支撑体系建设

1引言 近年来,在北京市委、市政府的领导下,各职能部门的协同努力下,北京市危险化学品安全生产工作取得了显著成绩,制定了一系列危险化学品安全生产管理规范,开展了危险化学品从业单位安全质量标准化活动,进一步提高了从业单位的安全生产管理水平,我市危险化学品安全生产状况总体趋向好转.     

隧道施工地质灾害分析与防治对策

根据隧道施工地质灾害成因与特性,对隧道施工地质灾害进行分类,并对其特点进行分析,提出隧道施工地质灾害防治原则。在建立隧道施工地质灾害监测与预警系统的基础上,对常见灾害中的塌方、涌水、突泥、瓦斯爆炸、岩爆等现象提出防治措施,旨在为隧道安全施工提供参考。     

青藏工程走廊道路工程阴阳坡效应研究现状及展望

青藏工程走廊整体呈东北-西南走向,加之青藏高原强烈的太阳辐射及大气透明度高,导致廊内路基工程存在显著的"阴阳坡"效应。在阴阳坡热效应作用下,路基阳坡路肩沉降变形普遍大于阴坡路肩,由此引发包括路基倾斜、边坡滑塌、纵向裂缝等一系列路基路面病害问题,严重影响了路基工程的长期稳定性,大幅增加了工程后期运营维护成本。针对这一问题,从青藏工程走廊阴阳坡效应的成因、阴阳坡效应作用下路基体冻融过程及地基温度场分布、路基的横向差异沉降变形、阴阳坡效应相关路基路面病害以及防控措施5个方面系统论述了目前的研究和工程实践现状,并结合阴阳坡效应的量化研究、防治措施的有效性等方面就未来需要开展的研究工作进行了展望,以期为青藏工程走廊内路基工程的建设与维护提供参考。     

Treatment of fluoride-contaminated water. A review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Delivering the right amount of fluoride to drinking water protects the teeth from decay and reduces the risk of cavities. Nonetheless, fluorosis has been...     

水体颗粒物以及土壤对有机物吸附常数的测定

本文介绍了用批量平衡测定水体悬浮颗粒物以及土壤对有机物吸附常数的测定方法，并给出实例和方法的注意事项。     

马尾松纯林及其与阔叶树混交林的凋落量与养分通量

在25a生马尾松林下分别套种1a生火力楠、闽粤栲、苦槠、格氏栲、青栲和拉氏栲等阔叶树种的幼苗,16a后形成郁闭的针阔混交异龄林.通过定位监测和化学分析,对上述6种混交林类型及林下未套种阔叶树的马尾松纯林的森林凋落量及养分通量进行了研究.统计结果显示,6个混交群落的年凋落量分别为7137.3kghm-2、6741.1kghm-2、8041.7kghm-2、7151.3kghm-2、7533.2kghm-2和6149.1kghm-2,而马尾松纯林的年凋落量仅3442.8kghm-2.在所有林分的凋落物组成中,枯叶占绝对优势,占凋落物总量的49.7%~71.5%,其余依次为枯枝(5.7%~26.1%)、其它组分(5.5%~17.1%)、树皮(7.7%~18.9%)和果实(0.7%~2.0%).各混交林分中来自马尾松的凋落物占50.4%~58.0%,而来自阔叶树的凋落物占42.0%~49.6%,且两者的组成存在明显差异.各林分总凋落量的季节动态呈双峰型,第1次峰值出现在2~4月份,第2次峰值出现在8、9月份.凋落物中主要养分元素的含量依林分类型、凋落物组分和凋落时间不同而异,N、P、K、Ca和Mg的含量范围依次为3.25~12.98gkg-1、0.23~0.97gkg-1、0.42~4.02gkg-1、7.34~32.57gkg-1和1.34~5.58gkg-1.不同的林分类型,凋落物中各养分元素的年通量大小均为:Ca>N>Mg>K>P.马尾松纯林中,通过凋落物的5种养分元素的年流通量为142.01kghm-2;而在林下分别套种上述6种阔叶树后,其养分年流通量依次增加到204.95kghm-2、223.93kghm-2、304.12kghm-2、288.46kghm-2、213.77kghm-2、238.05kghm-2.图3表4参13     

无机陶瓷纳滤膜分离高钠盐废水中的锶

本实验研究表明,仅用截留分子量为1000的无机陶瓷纳滤膜分离高钠盐模拟溶液中的锶,分离效果并不理想.为提高陶瓷纳滤膜对锶的选择分离效果,选择了分子量为3000的聚丙烯酸作为陶瓷纳滤膜分离的强化剂,重点探讨了溶液pH值、聚丙烯酸浓度、温度及离子强度对模拟溶液盐分离效果和膜通量的影响,并得到了适宜的锶钠分离条件.实验结果表明,在适宜条件下,通过聚丙烯酸强化和两级分离,陶瓷纳滤膜可大大提高模拟溶液中锶离子的选择分离效果,锶/钠的分离因子高达205.     

我国10万t／d以下城市污水处理工艺

我国城市污水处理厂的规模绝大多数在10万t／d以下（含10万t／d），由于10万t／d以下的城市污水处理的工艺繁多，且各有利弊，选择何种工艺对城市污水进行处理，是建设项目的业主、设计单位和主管政府部门较难解决但又必须解决的问题。本文从城市污水处理厂的处理工艺入手，根据国家的城市污水处理及污染防治技术政策，对10万t／d以下城市污水处理工艺进行排序和优选，并给出城市污水处理厂建设及运营的主要技术经济指标，供城市污水处理厂建设的相关方参考。