苯系化合物好氧生物降解性研究

选用城市污水处理场的活性污泥做菌源，研究了苯、甲苯、邻－间－、对－二甲苯、乙基苯、三甲苯等七种芳香化合物的好氧生物降解规律。实验结果表明，七种化合物浓度在１０ｍｇ／ｌ左右时，在实验周期内能全部降解；浓度在４０－１８０ｍｇ／ｌ时，有的化合物不能被降解。七种化合物降解的难易程度为：甲苯＞间二甲苯＞苯＞对二甲苯＞乙基苯＞三甲苯＞邻二甲苯。此外，实验结果还表明，化合物的降解性受苯环上取代基数量及位置等因素     

Kinetics of radiocesium released from contaminated soil by fertilizer solutions

(137)Cs is one of the major artificial radionuclides found in environments; but the mechanisms behind fertilizer-induced (137)Cs desorption from soil remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the kinetics and mechanisms underlying the various cations and anions that cause Cs release from soil under acidic conditions. NH(4)H(2)PO(4) (1M), 0.5M (NH(4))(2)SO(4), 1M NH(4)Cl, 1M KCl or 1M NaCl solutions were added to (137)Cs-contaminated soil. The power function model well described the short term (137)Cs desorption with the solutions. The rate coefficients for (137)Cs release from soil in NH(4)H(2)PO(4), (NH(4))(2)SO(4), NH(4)Cl, and KCl solutions were 7.7, 7.3, 6.8, and 6.1 times higher than the rate observed in a NaCl solution, respectively. The NH(4)H(2)PO(4) and (NH(4))(2)SO(4) solutions induced significantly greater (137)Cs release from the contaminated soil than the NH(4)Cl, KCl and NaCl solutions. After four times repeated extractions with the fertilizer solutions, the total amount of (137)Cs extracted by (NH(4))(2)SO(4) and NH(4)Cl solutions reached equilibrium, while that extracted using an NH(4)H(2)PO(4) solution continued to increase. The combined effect of phosphate and protons was the major mechanism behind (137)Cs release from contaminated soils, when an NH(4)H(2)PO(4) solution was used.     

我国水灾的基本特征及成因分析

本文研究了我国水灾的基本特征,分析了水灾形成的主要原因,提出了防御洪灾的措施。     

对苯二甲酸厌氧生物降解性研究

采用半连续实验方法在中温条件下研究对苯二甲酸(Terephthalic Acid,简称TPA)的厌氧生物降解性。在一定的COD负荷下,研究不同TPA负荷对厌氧消化的影响,结果表明,TPA可厌氧降解的浓度比较低,在500mg/l以下;高浓度的TPA不能被厌氧降解而在反应器中累积起来,并对厌氧系统产生一定抑制作用,这种抑制作用和程度与TPA污泥负荷及体系中TPA累积浓度有关。     

重庆地区酸化水体中的浮游生物

对我国重酸雨区重庆市郊六个不同酸度水体中的藻类和浮游动物进行调查和比较的结果表明，酸化水体（ＰＨ＜５．０）中的藻类和浮游动物的种类数分别较同一地区正常水体的少４１．８８％５０．０％；细胞或个体密度分别较正常水体的少７０．０％和３４－６７％。轻度酸化水体（６．０＞ＰＨ＞５．０）的上述指标亦较正常水体的低，但不如酸化水体的明显。     

差压式流量计误差产生机理分析及改进

通过对管内流体流动机理的分析 ,指出目前普遍使用的差压式流量计误差产生的原因 ,并对流量计的改进进行构思及对改进途径作了探讨。     

A preliminary calculation of cement carbon dioxide in China from 1949 to 2050

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from China are of global concern. As energy-, resource-intensive and greenhouse gas (GHG) pollution...     

Effect analysis of carbon trading on Economy-Energy-Environment system and calculation of reasonable carbon price intervals

This paper constructs a 4-lier computable general equilibrium model which includes such modules as modeling carbon emission constraints and carbon trading(CT),and incorporates the cost of carbon emissions into constant elasticity of substitute production function.Under scenario settings under different carbon abatement targets,based on 2007 national social accounting matrix and related statistical data about energy consumption and carbon emission,effects on economic outputs,energy consumption,and carbon abatement are estimated and analyzed at both macro and sector level.By calculating selected novel indicators that compromise between macroeconomic opportunity cost and achievable carbon abatement,reasonable carbon price intervals are given for enhancing the robustness and liquidity of carbon market.Further,by decomposition and share-weighted methods,expected carbon abatement and energy price are measured and analyzed in details.Some results are meaningful for fundamental design of the future carbon market.Given constant energy utilization and carbon abatement technologies at the macro level,the higher the carbon price the more actual carbon abatement;the more gross domestic product loss,the less energy consumption.Accwding to the overall situation estimated for 2007 in China,the advice given is to introduce a carbon abatement target rate(R_c)of-10%,which is helpful to make carbon market stable against unexpected carbon price shocks between[6.9,35]/tC with less economic loss.According to Kaya decomposition,after introduction of carbon pricing,carbon abatement is mainly contributed by the effects of energy intensity(EI)and technical progress.Further,CT may help reduce energy consumption and induce transformation to a low-carbon energy structure.At the sector level,the introduction of CT could induce economic recession in all sectors,especially energy.However,the overall economic structure remains unchanged to some extent.CT will help reduce energy consumption in all sectors,especially energy.Overall utilization costs of the energy composite can be divided in two,market price and carbonrelated costs.Carbon-related costs mainly contribute to variation in the utilization cos of the energy composite;carbon pricing may help non-energy sectors achieve sufficient carbon abatement by pushing up energy utilization cost.However,despite achievable carbon abatement by the energy sector being relatively high,induced by carbon pricing,there is still significant potential for other incentive policies to stimulate further abatement,such as energy resources taxation and transportation fuel taxation,especially in the sectors of coal and transportation.Finally,some advice is proposed in regard to policy decisions and further research.     

抗生素生产废水的处理技术研究

介绍了抗生素制药废水的来源及成因。根据抗生素制药废水高浓度、难降解、可生化性差等特点,综述了近年国内外抗生素制药废水处理中应用各种物理、化学、生物处理技术处理的试验情况及进展。其中物理处理技术有:混凝、沉淀、气浮、吸附和膜过滤等,化学处理技术有:氯氧化、高铁酸盐氧化、铁碳微电解、高级氧化工艺等,生物处理技术有好氧处理法、厌氧处理法等。指出需根据当前形势从技术经济角度选用合适的组合工艺处理不同种类的抗生素制药废水,并提出展望。     

生活垃圾卫生填埋项目环境影响评价探讨

针对城市生活垃圾填埋场环境影响评价中的选址问题进行了讨论,同时对垃圾渗滤液的水质进行了阐述以及对渗滤液的产生量合理计算进行了分析。