一组高效稳定纤维素分解菌复合系MC1的筛选及功能

从4种堆肥样品中分别筛选出纤维素分解能力较强的4组混合菌,再以酸碱反应互补的原则重新优化组合并驯化成1组纤维素分解能力非常强而稳定的纤维素分解菌复合系MC1.100mL培养物在50℃静止培养72h,分别可分解0.48g滤纸、0.49g脱脂棉、0.19g麦秆和0.08g锯末.分解滤纸时,第24h CMC糖化力最高,为122.3U·mL^-在初始pH4～10的不同培养基上接种,均能把pH调到中性,最后稳定在8.0～8.5之间.在连续投放滤纸情况下纤维素分解能力稳定保持20d以上,其发酵液的pH在有滤纸时稳定在6.0～6.5之间,没有滤纸时稳定在8.0～8.5之间.     

The seasonal effects of manure management and feeding strategies on hydrogen sulphide emissions from stored dairy manure

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The influence of temperature and storage time on hydrogen sulphide (H2S) emissions from two different dairy manures was investigated over four...     

Anaerobic co-digestion of dairy cow manure and high concentrated food processing waste

Anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure (DM) and concentrated food processing wastes (FPW) under thermophilic (55 °C) and mesophilic (35 °C) temperatures, and fertilizer value of the effluent were investigated in this study. Two types of influent feedstock were utilized: 100 % DM and a 7:3 mixture (wet weight basis) of DM and FPW. The contents of the FPW, as feedstock were 3:3:3:1 mixture of cheese whey, animal blood, used cooking oil and residue of fried potato. Four continuous digestion experiments were carried out in 10 L digesters. Co-digestion under thermophilic temperature increased methane production per digester volume. However, co-digestion at 35 °C was inhibited. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (N) recovered after digestion ranged from 73.1 to 91.9 %, while recoveries of ammonium nitrogen (NH₄-N) exceeded 100 %. The high recovery of NH₄-N was attributed to mineralization of influent organic N. The mixture of DM and FPW showed greater recoveries of NH₄-N after digestion compared to DM only, reflecting its greater organic N degradability. The ratios of extractable to total calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were slightly reduced after digestion. These results indicate that co-digestion of DM and FPW under thermophilic temperature enhances methane production and offers additional benefit of organic fertilizer creation.     

Antibiotic removal from waste milk by electrochemical process: degradation characteristics in concentrated organic solution

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The use of antibiotics in lactating dairy cows produces waste milk containing antibiotic residues. Antibiotics have been one of the emerging...     

Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene in rat by oral administration

Orally administered ³H-benzo(a)pyrene (BP) was concentrated in liver, kidney and lung of rat. Liver contained BP-diols, BP-quinones and 3-hydroxy-BP, and extremely high amounts of BP-quinones and unmetabolized BP were found in lung until after 7 hr of administration. In kidney, BP-quinones and BP-diols were major metabolites, but not BP or 3-hydroxy-BP. Low level of metabolites as conjugates with glucuronate and more polar compounds were also detected in kidney. These results suggested that an orally administered BP was metabolized to BP-diols and 3-hydroxy-BP mainly in liver, to BP-quinones mainly in lung, and to BP-diols and glucuronides or more polar compounds mainly in kidney.     

基于2H&18O和水化学成分的永定河流域地下水循环特征解析

运用环境同位素和水化学成分作为水循环研究的示踪剂, 揭示了永定河流域中下游地下水 循环特征。通过现场调查并对浅层和深层地下水采样, 进行室内水化学和氢氧同位素组成测定, 分 析了流域内深层和浅层地下水的氢氧同位素和水化学组成的空间分布规律和演化趋势, 揭示了流 域地下水循环特征。结果表明, 降水是山前地下水的主要补给源, 地下水在接受降水的补给后经过 了不同程度的蒸发作用, 山区受蒸发影响较小, 平原区较大, 尤其是平原区浅层地下水呈现出强烈 的蒸发浓缩作用; 水化学特征表现为自西部山区到山前平原至滨海平原, 自浅层到深层, 地下水的 矿化度逐渐升高; 平原区浅层和深层地下水含水层之间存在明显的越流补给现象; 沿海地区未发现 海水入侵现象。     

Comprehensive Study on Enteric Viruses and Indicators in Surface Water in Kyoto,Japan, During 2014–2015 Season

Certain enteric viruses that are present in the water environment are potential risk factors of waterborne infections. To better understand the impact of viruses in water, both enteric viruses and their potential indicators should be comparatively investigated. In this study, occurrences of GI- and GII-noroviruses (NoVs), sapovirus (SaV), rotavirus (RoV), Aichi virus 1 (AiV-1), enterovirus (EV), and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) were quantitatively determined in surface water samples in Japan. Additionally, the genotype distribution of GI- and GII-NoVs was determined using a next-generation amplicon sequencing. PMMoV was the most abundant virus regardless of season and location, indicating its usefulness as an indicator for the viral contamination of water. Other potential indicators, AiV and EV, were less abundant than GII-NoV. Viruses other than PMMoV showed seasonality, i.e., EV and other viruses (NoVs, SaV, RoV, and AiV-1) became prevalent during summer and winter, respectively. SaV showed a relatively high abundance at a location that was affected by untreated wastewater. Regarding NoV genotypes, GI.1, GI.2, GI.4, GI.5, GI.6, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, and GII.17 were found from the surface water samples. GII.4 and GII.17 seemed to have contributed to the high abundance of GII-NoV in the samples. Interestingly, GII.17 strains became prevalent in the water samples before becoming prevalent among gastroenteritis patients in Japan. These findings provide further insights into the properties of viruses as contaminants in the water environment.     

Characterization of the effective cellulose degrading strain CTL-6

An efficient cellulose degrading bacteria exists in the thermophilic wheat straw-degrading community, WDC2. However, this strain cannot be isolated and cultured using conventional separation techniques under strict anaerobic conditions. We successfully isolated a strain of effective cellulose degrading bacteria CTL-6 using a wash, heat shock, and solid-liquid alternating process. Analysis of its properties revealed that, although the community containing the strain CTL-6 grew under aerobic conditions, the purified strain CTL-6 only grew under anaerobic culture conditions. The strain CTL-6 had a striking capability of degrading cellulose (80.9% weight loss after 9 days of culture). The highest efficiency value of the endocellulase (CMCase activity) was 0.404 μtmol/(min-mL), cellulose degradation efficiency by CTL-6 was remarkably high at 50-65°C with the highest degradation efficiency observed at 60°C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the closest relative to strain CTL-6 belonged to the genus Clostridium thermocellum. Strain CTL-6 was capable of utilizing cellulose, celiobiose, and glucose. Strain CTL-6 also grew with Sorbitol as the sole carbon source, whereas C.therrnocellum is unable to do so.     

Sorption behavior of selenium on humic acid under increasing selenium concentration or increasing solid/liquid ratio

The sorption of selenium (Se) on humic acid (HA) was investigated in order to better understand the fate of stable and radioactive Se in soils and sediments. An ultrafiltration technique was used to determine size distributions of HA-sorbed-Se when increasing Se concentration and solid/liquid ratio. The results showed that the Se sorption onto HA followed the Freundlich isotherm. No solid/liquid ratio-dependence was observed especially when <3 kDa molecular size fraction was used from solid/liquid separation. The Freundlich isotherm parameters K(F) and n obtained using the <3 kDa molecular size fraction for solid/liquid separation were 3.7 x 10(2) and 0.82, respectively. In addition, since dissolved HA increased with decreased ionic strength in the HA suspension, ionic strength could promote aggregation of HA. The conformational change of HA could affect the sorption behavior of Se on HA.     

Natural purification effects in the river in consideration with domestic wastewater pollutant discharge reduction effects

The first social experiment program in Japan to reduce domestic wastewater pollutant discharge by “soft interventions” in households has been conducted in the Yamato-gawa River drainage area since 2005. The Yamato-gawa River has been listed as one of the worst water quality rivers in Japan because of the larger annual average BOD. “Hard interventions” including deployment of wastewater treatment facilities and artificial installation of natural purification facilities in the river has been conducted in these years to improve river water quality. At the first Yamato-gawa River social experiment program (YR-SEP) in March 2005, BOD at the monitoring point near the river mouth decreased about 6% during the Program. Natural purification e ect along the river was evaluated in this article with one-dimensional water quality model for the six river sections. Larger biological oxygen consumption rate, kb, was estimated in the sections with artificially installed natural purification facilities. The e ect of “soft interventions” in households in the YR-SEP was estimated as 25% BOD decrease in the nearest monitoring point to the river mouth, when all the households participate in the Program and BOD discharge reduction rate with “soft interventions” in households was 40%.