四氟硼酸化1-烷基—3-甲基咪唑离子液体对小鼠的急性经口毒性

采用寇式改良法研究了四氟硼酸化1-烷基—3-甲基咪唑离子液体对小鼠的急性毒性,考察了烷基侧链长度对毒性的影响,同时采用HE染色法观察了离子液体对小鼠胃、小肠、大肠、肝和肾组织的损害.结果表明,4种离子液体([Cnmim] BF4,n=10、12、14、18)对小鼠的肠、肝、肾等组织均有损伤,其LD50值在56.16 ～214.18 mg·kg-1之间,为中等毒性.四氟硼酸化1-烷基—3-甲基咪唑离子液体对小鼠的急性毒性与烷基侧链长度有关,当碳链长度为14时,毒性最强.     

实施环境标志标准对建筑、建材行业节能减排促进作用

以中国环境标志建筑、建材标准为研究对象,介绍了中国环境标志的定义及其标准遵循的原则,介绍了环境保护部发布的环境标志标准HJ/T351-2007《生态住宅(住区)》、HJ/T296-2006《卫生陶瓷》、HJ/T297-2006《陶瓷砖》和HJ/T412-2007《预拌混凝土》的主要内容,分析了实施上述标准对建筑、建材行业节能减排的促进作用。     

镉和酚对多刺裸腹蚤的联合毒性试验

目前，镉和酚广泛存在于工业废水中，对环境和人类有着严重的危害。为了研究这两种物质对水生生物的作用，本文在研究了镉和酚两种单一因子对多刺裸腹蚤急性毒性作用基础上，采用联合指数相加法，研究了联合毒性效应。实验结果表明：锟对多刺裸腹蚤24h的LC50为0．042mg／L，苯酚对多刺裸腹蚤24h的LC50为0．044mg／L。苯酚和镉对多刺裸腹蚤的联合毒性为小于相加作用，既存在拮抗作用。     

油品脱酸工艺研究进展

综述了国内外油品脱酸技术发展历程和研究现状,分析了各种技术工艺的优点和不足,随着环保、节能减排思想的深入,新的绿色脱酸分离技术将是以后发展的主要趋势。     

系统工程视野下的再生水饮用回用安全保障体系构建

再生水是就地可取、稳定可靠的城市第二水源.再生水饮用回用（补充水源）技术经济性可行,是解决城市缺水问题的重要途径和构建可持续水循环系统的重要组成部分.作为具有复杂系统特征的非传统供水工程,再生水饮用回用的关键是保障水质安全稳定和系统可靠高效运行,因此需要构建包括水质安全管理、健康风险评价和多重屏障工程措施在内的安全保障体系.水质安全管理方面需建设包括制订科学的饮用回用水质标准和再生水处理工艺要求,建立针对再生水处理工艺和饮用回用全系统的危害分析关键控制点管理（HACCP）体系,并加强水质安全监管和认证.健康风险评价方面需开展全方位、统筹性和持续性的化学污染物和微生物风险评价方法.工程措施方面需建设包括源头控制、再生水厂净化、环境缓冲和饮用水厂净化在内的多重屏障系统,以确保水质安全.在多重屏障系统中,再生水厂是保障饮用回用水质安全的核心环节,“反渗透-高级氧化”和“臭氧-生物活性炭”是再生水处理的可行工艺.今后需深入、持续开展新兴高风险污染物控制技术、再生水环境储存和饮用回用模式等方面的研究.      

有机污染物在包气带中迁移转化试验研究

采集一定浓度的有机物废水 ,在试验室内进行了静态吸附、静态降解和动态土柱试验 ,对COD在包气带中迁移转化规律进行研究 ,提出了描述COD在包气带中迁移转化规律的数学模型。结果表明 :包气带对COD的吸附过程是线性的 ,可用亨利吸附模式s =Kdc +s0 表示 ,吸附系数Kd=0 .0 6 93;包气带对COD的降解曲线基本符合一级动力学方程c =c0 e-k1 t,降解系数k1=0 .0 4 99d-1;弥散试验测得弥散系数D =0 .0 0 2 4 2m2 /d。COD在包气带中的迁移转化过程是弥散、吸附、降解等多种作用共同作用的结果。     

Recovery approach affects soil quality in the water level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China: implications for revegetation

Plants in the water level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region disappeared due to winter-flooding and prolonged inundation. Revegetation (plantation and natural recovery) have been promoted to restore and protect the riparian ecosystem in recent years. Revegetation may affect soil qualities and have broad important implications both for ecological services and soil recovery. In this study, we investigated soil properties including soil pH values, bulk density, soil organic matter (SOM), soil nutrients and heavy metals, soil microbial community structure, microbial biomass, and soil quality index under plantation and natural recovery in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region. Most soil properties showed significant temporal and spatial variations in both the plantation and natural recovery areas. Higher contents of SOM and NO₃-N were found in plantation area, while higher contents of soil pH values, bulk density, and total potassium were observed in the natural recovery area. However, there were no significant differences in plant richness and diversity and soil microbial community structure between the two restoration approaches. A soil quality index derived from SOM, bulk density, Zn, Cd, and Hg indicated that natural recovery areas with larger herbaceous coverage had more effective capacity for soil restoration.     

Acclimation of anaerobic sludge degrading chlorophenols and the biodegradation kinetics during acclimation period

The acclimation of sludge from Hangzhou citrate factory and Hangzhou municipal wastewater treatment plant for degradation dechlorination of chlorophenols (CPs) compounds, and its biodegradation kinetics were studied in batch process with or without addition of sucrose. Three monochlorophenols (2-CP; 3-CP; 4-CP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were concurrently fed to different bioreactors. The parameters that were monitored included biogas production, biogas composition and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results showed that acclimation with chlorophenol can increase the degradation activity of anaerobic sludge and degradation rate of chlorophenolic compounds, and reduce the lag time. Degradation dechlorination activity of the acclimated sludge strongly depended on sludge source, microorganism population and chlorophenol congener. 2-CP was more easily acclimated than 3-CP and 4-CP. Among the four tested compounds, 4-CP was the most difficult to be acclimated. The observed degradation rate with presence of sucrose was higher than that with absence of sucrose, suggesting that addition of the external carbon source can stimulate the formation of acclimated sludge which could effectively degrade chlorophenols. Kinetic equations of biodegradation of chlorophenols were also presented in this paper.     

2006—2015年中国电力碳足迹及其生态压力分析

电力行业是我国节能减排的主力军.本文根据电力来源多样性特征,采用IPCC计算方法,结合净初级生产力模型,定量分析了中国2006-2015年电力消费碳足迹及其生态压力的变化,并将电力碳足迹生态压力与人均GDP进行脱钩分析.结果表明,2006-2015年,电力消费碳排放量经历了先升后降两个阶段,其中,2006-2013年,碳排放量稳步上升,2013年后开始逐渐下降,电力碳足迹生态压力与人均GDP之间主要呈弱脱钩关系,但在2013-2015年,开始出现强脱钩状态.可见在国家″十二五″政策引导下,推动经济结构转型调整,促进电力产业节能减排,已获得显著成效,但仍需继续努力,缓解电力消费过程给生态环境带来的压力.     

环境影响评价有效性及其建设途径探讨

概要综述了环境影响评价有效性研究的进展，从系统和整体角度探讨了ＥＩＡ有效性的涵义，并从加强ＥＩＡ国家能力建设，建立ＥＩＡ有效干预规划及设计程序的交流机制，以及在ＥＩＡ体系中加入有关系落实ＥＩＡ跟进及监察工作的内容等方面，探讨了ＥＩＡ有效性的建设途径。