Assessing economic sustainability and ecological efficiency with genuine progress indicator: a case study of the Yangtze River Delta from 2000 to 2018

To achieve urban sustainability, it is critical to enhance the environment, economy, and society simultaneously. This study adopted the revised genuine progress indicator (GPI) and ecological footprint (EF) to evaluate the ecological efficiency and economic sustainability of the Yangtze River Delta from 2000 to 2018. Spatial analysis was utilized to identify spatial autocorrelation. A total of 27 cities were then partitioned through k-means cluster analysis. The results showed that GPI and ecological efficiency improved rapidly, but economic sustainability showed a downward trend. GPI and GDP had a high degree of spatial correlation, especially in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Metropolitan Area. However, no spatial correlation existed between GPI and EF. The city with high GEE can reach 3000 $/gha, indicating the city consumed 1 global hectare to create $3000 of genuine economic growth. Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Taizhou were cities with the highest level of economic sustainability and ecological efficiency. The spatiotemporal characteristics of economic sustainability and ecological efficiency revealed in this study will provide theoretical guidance for alleviating ecological pressure and promoting economic sustainable development.

     

Construction and application of comprehensive drought monitoring model considering the influence of terrain factors: a case study of southwest Yunnan,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Droughts in winter and spring are one of the most prominent natural disasters in the Yunnan Province in China. They occur frequently, with long...     

A model for evaluation of the phytoavailability of trace elements to vegetables under the field conditions

Currently, several single extraction methods are used for the evaluation of the phytoavailability of metals using pot experiments. A systematic comparison, however, is lacking. It is especially true for the field studies. This study was to investigate the phytoavailability of trace elements to vegetables grown on metal-contaminated soils under the field conditions. All soils collected were typical calcareous soils in northern China. Four frequently used methods using CaCl2, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), CH3COOH, and water as extractants were compared for phyto-availability. The concentrations of metals extracted by these four extraction methods ranged from 3.42 to 815, 1.51- 6965, 0.732-24473, 0.688-7863, 0.246-685, 1.99-5337 0.203-4649 ng/g for Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb and REEs, respectively. Simple correlation analysis indicated that a significant correlation (Cr: r = 0.5411**; Zn: r = 0.6352**; Cd: r = 0.6979**; Pb: r = 0.5537** and REEs: r = 0.5185** -0.6684**) was observed between the CaCl2-extractable metals in soil solution and that in Chinese cabbage. In addition, soil pH, organic matter (OM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) also affect the phytoavailability. An empirical model was developed to express the combined effect of soil properties on the phytoavailability. The stepwise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the phytoavailability of trace elements strongly correlated with the extractable fraction by CaCl2, total metal concentration in soils, and soil pH, OM, CEC. This model can describe approximately 75-95% of the variability of metal uptake and the r2 values ranged from 0.741** to 0.954**, which were much better than the single correlation analysis. For celery and cole, a strong correlation was obtained for Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, La, Ce, Pr and Nd. For spinach and Chinese cabbage, however, a positive correlation was only observed for 1 and 3 metals, respectively. Generally, the developed empirical model can integrate the combined effects of soil properties, extractable metal fractions in soil solutions and plant species on the phytoavailability of metals to vegetables in the field conditions.     

有毒有害气体低温等离子体催化处理反应器

等离子体催化技术是目前国内外公认的治理低浓度有害气体的有效方法之一。本文概述了填充床式反应器、点对板式反应器、平板式反应器和复合式反应器中利用低温等离子体结合催化剂处理有害废气的研究结果,并对反应器的结构、脱除效率及应用情况作了介绍。     

WEBGIS及其在环境管理上的应用

WebGIS是当前地理信息系统发展的一个重要方向,本文介绍了采用了Java技术和XML技术的新的WebGIS体系结构,并结合ArcIMS的定制开发,结合通化市污染物总量控制给出了吉林省环境保护行业的WebGIS应用系统开发实例.     

板坯火焰清理机烟气治理技术

介绍了国产板坯火焰清理机烟气的治理系统及湿式电除尘器的结构和技术特点.结果表明,该烟气治理系统及湿式电除尘器能够满足火焰清理机工况和烟气排放的环保要求,完全可以替代同类进口设备.     

盐度对模拟餐厨垃圾发酵液产聚羟基脂肪酸酯工艺的影响

利用餐厨垃圾发酵液生产聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)可以在废物处理的同时实现有价资源回收。为探究发酵液中盐分对产PHA菌群富集过程的影响,以模拟餐厨垃圾发酵液为底物,研究了盐度存在下污泥理化性质、富集过程主要指标及菌群PHA合成能力等变化。结果表明,未经盐度富集的菌群易受到盐度抑制,在15 g·L⁻¹的盐度条件下,污泥PHA最大合成量可降至39.9%。富集过程中盐度的增加有利于污泥沉降性的提升,低盐度(5 g·L⁻¹)下菌群分泌胞外聚合物量最多,达49.8 mg·g⁻¹(以VSS计),对菌群保护能力最强。不同盐度条件下的富集系统皆能保持较好的生态选择压力,但盐度对微生物生长的抑制随着浓度的增大而增强。经过盐度存在下长期富集后的污泥,在高盐度(10、15 g·L⁻¹)底物条件下,仍能获得较高的PHA最大合成能力,但其较低的生长活性不利于最终PHA产量的提升,短期富集下,高盐度会抑制PHA的合成;而低盐度(5 g·L⁻¹)有助于提高PHA合成能力,最高达50.5%。     

响应面法优化石油降解菌性能的研究

从延长油田石油污染土壤中筛选出4株能以原油为唯一碳源生长的细菌单菌株,鉴定其优势菌株YC-2为枯草芽孢杆菌;利用响应面法进行实验设计,选定培养温度、pH值、氮磷比以及盐度为影响因素,对原油含量为0.5%的培养基进行YC-2菌株降解工艺优化,得到了原油降解率与4种因素之间的非线性回归方程,确定了降解原油的最优工艺条件:培养温度28℃;pH值6.5,氮磷比5.2:1,盐度0.45%。在最优条件下,预测降解率为53.9%,实验验证值为52.5%,结果显示,建立的模型具有较高的精度。     

山核桃加工废水的成分测定与分析

对山核桃加工废水和马铃薯培养基(PDA)进行了成分分析,为资源化利用山核桃加工废水提供理论依据。采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸法测定山核桃加工废水和PDA中还原糖的含量,总氮、总磷、悬浮物、浊度、pH及金属元素均采用国家标准中的测定方法进行测定与分析。废水中总糖、总氮和总磷的含量分别为1.79×103、149.00和27.00 mg/L;金属元素钠、钾、铜、铁、镁、锰和锌的含量分别为28.47、225.03、0.048、0.034、18.11、0.82和1.36 mg/L;悬浮物为5.43×102 mg/L,COD高达1.06×104 mg/L,pH为4.44,浊度为109.53 NTU。PDA中总糖、氮和磷含量为2.47×104、445.00和84.3 mg/L,COD为1.09×104 mg/L,pH为7.2,金属元素钠、钾、锌、铜、铁和镁的含量为386.10、575.09、1.02、0.42和25.62 mg/L,几乎不含锰。山核桃加工废水中的总氮、总磷和COD等含量过高,对环境污染严重,不能直接排放;山核桃加工废水和PDA中的营养物质及金属元素种类基本一致,通过添加合适的成分,调整废水中C/N等微生物生长营养要素的比例,山核桃加工废水有望开发成用于实验室常见微生物培养的类似于PDA的半合成培养基。     

剩余污泥混合对絮凝污泥厌氧消化的强化

为了考察絮凝污泥与剩余活性污泥混合中温(35℃)厌氧消化效果,分析了不同混合比例、不同投配率下的总化学需氧量(TCOD)去除率、挥发性固体(VS)降解效果,通过pH值与氨氮浓度的变化来分析各反应器的稳定性。结果表明:污泥混合后消化效果明显得到提高,且污泥消化效率随着投配率的增加先提高后下降。5%投配率时,絮凝污泥/剩余污泥(VS比)为1:2时厌氧消化效果最好,TCOD去除率达到47.8%,VS降解率达到46.8%,分解单位VS产气量达到了435 mL/g,pH值与氨氮浓度分别保持在7.4和269 mg/L左右,混合污泥厌氧消化系统较稳定。这说明与剩余污泥的混合消化能有效提高絮凝污泥的厌氧消化性能。污泥絮体的显微分析表明:厌氧消化过程中絮体面积百分比逐步减小,污泥结构逐步解体,可以解释污泥消化的微观过程。