渤海湾西岸入海径流量和输沙量的变化及其环境效应

以渤海湾西岸天津段入海河流的径流量和输沙量数据为基础,采用Kendall秩相关检验法和Mann-Kendall法对近50年入海径流量和输沙量进行了趋势分析和突变性检验.结果表明,近50年来渤海湾西岸天津段入海径流量和输沙量均呈显著下降的趋势.近50年来华北地区降水量减少、天然径流偏低是导致入海径流量减少的自然因素,而流域人类活动如水库和防潮闸的建设,以及沿河取水取沙也是不可忽视的重要因素.该段海岸入海径流量和输沙量的减少已导致河口区盐度上升、水质恶化、沉积物污染等问题,最终会影响河口生态系统的结构和生物资源的可持续发展与利用.     

Methane emissions during storage of di erent treatments from cattle manure in Tianjin

Many studies on methane emissions from animal manure have revealed that animal manure is a major source of methane emissions to the atmosphere that can have negative consequences for people, animals and environment. In general, the release of methane can be influenced by the type of feed taken by animals, temperature, manure characteristics and so on. This study aimed at quantifying and comparing methane release from dairy manure with di erent piling treatments. Four treatments were designed including manure piling height 30, 45, 60 cm and adding 6 cm manure every day until the piling height was 60 cm. Static chamber method and gas chromatography were adopted to measure the methane emissions from April to June in 2009. Methane emission rates of all four manure treatments were low in the first week and then increased sharply until reaching the peak values. Subsequently, all the methane emission rates decreased and fluctuated within the steady range till the end of the experiment. Wilcoxon nonparametric tests analysis indicated that methane emission rate was greatly influenced by manure piling height and manner. There were no significant relationships between methane emission rates and the temperatures of ambience and heap. However, regression analysis showed that the quadratic equations were found between emission rates of all treatments and the gas temperature in the barrels.     

生活垃圾分类实践效果、问题与对策分析:以湖州市织里镇为例

为探究城镇生活垃圾分类的实践现状和存在问题,以浙江省湖州市织里镇为例,采用实地调研的方式开展研究。自2019年7月以来,织里镇采取"二定四分"的收集模式(其中,"二定"指定时和定点,"四分"指可回收垃圾、有害垃圾、易腐垃圾和其他垃圾)。2020年,织里镇易腐垃圾收集量达到22219.98 t,相比2018年增加了67.5%;其他垃圾的收集量为116493.92 t,比2018年减少了22%。生活垃圾分类行为使得织里镇易腐垃圾与其他垃圾的收集量呈负相关,干湿分类效果显著。织里镇针对特色服装行业所产生的废旧布条采取"因地制宜"的垃圾管理模式,实现固体废物的"分类投放、分类收集、分类运输、分类处置"。2020年分类收集废旧布条41100.07 t。然而在垃圾分类过程中发现干湿分离率不高、资源回收利用不足、有害垃圾的商业化运作有待提高等问题。结合当前现状,给出以下3点建议:1)提高公众垃圾干湿分类的责任意识;2)全面建立垃圾资源化标准体系;3)推行生产者责任制度,促进有害垃圾的商业化运作。     

复杂背景环境下基于SSD_MobileNet深度学习模型的火焰图像识别研究

针对现有的火灾火焰图像识别方法在光照和红花等类似火焰干扰的复杂环境下存在错检和漏检的问题, 提出一种基于SSD_MobileNet的复杂环境火焰区域标记方法。首先,将深度卷积神经网络SSD300的基础卷积网络VGG16替换为MobileNet网络,应用深度可分离卷积,降低网络参数,进而构建一种火焰图像检测的SSD_MobileNet模型;然后,迁移第一次训练模型所有的卷积层参数,初始化新的待训练模型;最后,加入新的数据样本用于削弱光照、红花等干扰对象的影响。通过与SSD300、以及深度学习的目标检测算法Faster R-CNN和YOLOv3-tiny对比,实验结果表明,构建的火焰检测和火焰区域标记SSD_MobileNet模型的综合性能优于Faster R-CNN和YOLOv3-tiny模型,更适用于实时火焰检测领域。     

棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对Pb2＋和Cd2＋的吸附特征

为了研究棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）对溶液中Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋吸附过程的特征,分别从动力学、热力学和吸附等温线三方面进行了实验,同时还研究了pH、温度、时间、重金属离子起始浓度和吸附剂用量对吸附过程的影响。等温吸附过程可以用Langmuir方程来描述。在实验设定条件下,棘孢曲霉对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋最大吸附量分别为71.2 mg/g和59.8 mg/g;动力学实验数据很好的符合二级