Parameter determination to calculate water environmental capacity in Zhangweinan Canal Sub-basin in China

Zhangweinan canal sub-basin (ZWN) has the most serious water resource shortage and water pollution problems in north of China. To calculate the water environmental capacity in ZWN, determination methods for design flow rates and degradation coeffcients were discussed in this study. Results showed that 90% and 50% hydrological guarantee flow rates were suitable to be the design flow rates for rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Degradation coeffcients of COD_Mn and NH₃-N were 0.25 day⁻¹ and 0.15 day⁻¹ for branch streams and 0.5 day⁻¹ and 0.25 day⁻¹ for mainstreams, respectively in ZWN. With one-dimensional water quality simulation model, water environmental capacities were calculated to be 82,139 tons/yr for COD_Mn and 2394 tons/yr for NH₃-N in ZWN.     

蚯蚓人工湿地对农村生活污水净化效果试验研究

从生态学理论出发,以健全人工湿地生态系统为思路,通过引入爱胜蚯蚓使食物链"加环",强化水生动物环节,得出该工艺在0.3m3(/m·2d)的水力负荷下稳定运行后,处理农村生活污水的COD、TN和TP平均出水浓度分别为41.02mg/L、12.58mg/L和0.44mg/L,出水水质均低于国家城镇污水处理厂排放标准(GB18918-2002)一级排放A标准。同时蚯蚓对改善湿地内部溶解氧状况起到了一定的作用。     

Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs) in surface and tap water around Lake Taihu in China

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are ubiquitously distributed in the environment mainly as perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs). In this paper, six PFCAs and two PFASs were quantified in surface and tap water samples from 12 sites around Lake Taihu near Shanghai City in East China. Predominant PFCs were perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), of which the concentration ranges were 6.8–206 and 1.2–45 ng·L⁻¹, the geometric means were 35.3 and 9.4 ng·L⁻¹, and the median (quartile range) values were 31.4 (34.4) and 10.4 (10.7) ng·L⁻¹, respectively. Other PFCs were also detected but in much lower concentrations than PFOA. The sources of the PFCs were expected to be direct industrial discharges in the Lake Taihu area, and this area was also a possible source of PFCs contaminations in Shanghai district in the downstream. PFCs distributions were found different in the upstream, downstream and north part of Lake Taihu. Occurrences of PFCs in the tap water in Lake Taihu area indicated their exposure to the local people. A brief estimation of the environmental risks by PFCs implied no acute or immediate risks from PFCs to local human health, but chronic risks from PFOA in the tap water should be considered in the downstream regions.     

铝合金电镀环评中污染防治措施若干问题的探讨

针对铝合金电镀环境影响评价中废水分类、水质特征及污染防治措施等问题进行了讨论,同时结合作者的工作实践,对电镀废水分类原则、处理工艺及其可靠性进行了分析,并提出了一系列适用于国家新颁布的《电镀污染物排放标准》（GB21900-2008）的工艺措施。     

用于高矿化度含油废水处理的高效菌株的分离及特性研究

从某高矿化度含油废水中筛选得到两株有效去除废水中有机物的高效降解菌株L1和Yj。通过VITEKTWO鉴定系统初步鉴定,得出LI为放射型根瘤菌（Rhizobium radiobacter）Yj为少见罗尔斯顿茼（Ralstonia paucula）。研究得到两株菌在pH为7、温度为40℃时生物量最大,两株菌在此条件培养下以1：1质量比复配投加对含油废水的有机物降解率在3h达39％,在6h达53％,提高了生物法处理含油废水的降解效率。     

烟道中同极性荷电粉尘的凝并研究

针对目前电除尘器对微小颗粒粉尘捕集效率低、本体体积庞大的问题,突破传统预荷电装置的应用模式,将预荷电装置安装于电除尘器模拟烟道中,进行了高压电场荷电凝并研究,考察了凝并电场频率、电场强度以及电场类型对粉尘凝并效果的影响。实验结果表明:可以大幅度降低粒径在0.3~0.5μm的粉尘百分比;有效增加粒径>1μm的粉尘百分比;可以有效提高模拟电除尘器对细小颗粒粉尘的捕集效率,有望减少电除尘器的本体体积。     

可见光照射下土壤光催化降解有毒有机污染物

在可见光（vis,λ＞420 nm）照射下,用天然土壤粉末（Soil）做催化剂降解酸性桃红（Sulforhodamine B,SRB）和2,4二氯苯酚(2,4-Dichlorophenol,DCP),分析了催化剂的用量、H₂O₂初始浓度对降解反应的影响,并通过紫外可见分光光度法(UV-Vis)、荧光检测（FL）、红外光谱（IR）等方法对降解反应动力学及反应机制进行了研究.结果表明,Soil/H₂O₂/vis体系能有效地降解SRB,反应240 min可脱色完全,10 h COD去除率达90.44%,反应240 min,DCP的去除率达到80.55%;荧光检测发现反应中产生了高活性氧化物种·OH,红外光谱结果表明目标底物最终被氧化降解为胺类、羧酸类小分子;催化剂具有比较好的稳定性,循环使用5次,催化性能无明显变化.反应机制主要是涉及·OH的异相类Fenton过程.     

江阴市部分乡镇工业集中区土壤重金属环境质量评价

选取了江阴市工业企业较集中的青阳镇工业园区、周庄镇工业园区以及利港镇工业园区,并选取了有代表性的化工、机械制造以及电子材料企业周边土壤作为重要检测样品点,通过检测得出结论：土壤pH指标符合土壤环境质量标准.GB15618-1995,土壤表层土以及中层土都受到重金属污染,深层土在警戒线附近。     

基于污染物总量控制的流域预警体系构建研究

文章通过对中国目前水环境质量现状分析,指出流域环境预警体系建立的必要性,并选择总量控制指标作为预警体系的评价指标。利用层次分析法建立基于污染物总量控制的流域预警体系,确定预警因子的权重和评分标准,设立临界状态,不良状态预警、缓慢恶化预警和迅速恶化预警4个级别,为建立流域环境质量预警体系提供借鉴。     

桂林大气降水化学特征及其经树木枝叶淋滤后的变化

大气降水经过茂密的树木枝叶后,其化学成分含量会发生改变,本文通过于2011年4、5月份在桂林理工大学校园内接收未经植被淋滤的普通雨水和经过铁树、桂花树、竹子3种树木枝叶淋滤的雨水,测定其K＋、Na＋、Mg＋、Ca2＋、SO24-、Cl-、PO34-和TN的含量,分析其基本特征和变化规律。大气降水在经过以上3种树木枝叶淋滤后,其总氮含量及各种离子含量和未经树木淋滤的普通雨水相比都是增加的。由于各种综合因素影响,其变化规律呈多样性。