北京市控制大气污染四期紧急措施环境有效性分析

对北京市控制大气污染的四期紧急措施进行量化,分别计算出各项控制措施实施后的排放削减量,建立排放清单.采用空气质量模型,模拟了紧急措施实施的各阶段市区内一次大气污染物SO₂、NO_x和PM10浓度的时空分布情况,分析和评价了四期紧急措施的环境有效性.结果表明,四期紧急措施对SO₂和NO_x的控制效果较好,PM10的环境浓度下降不明显.     

SO2对Ag/Al2O3催化剂上CH3OH还原NO性能的影响

用溶胶-凝胶混合法制备了Ag负载量为5%的Ag/A1₂O₃催化剂.研究了富氧条件下,SO₂对CH₃OH在催化剂上还原NO性能的影响.结果表明,反应气不含SO₂和H₂O时,NO还原活性温度较低,有显著量N₂O生成,这被归因为反应过程中,部分氧化态Ag被还原为金属Ag.添加SO₂或同时添加SO₂和H_{2相似文献}   

二级SBR系统处理染料废水长期运行的稳定性

考察了处理染料废水的二级SBR系统在连续运行120个周期过程中的稳定性.系统的运行先后经历了低染料浓度和高染料浓度2种情况.试验发现在长期运行过程中,二级SBR系统对进水水质及操作条件具有良好的适应性;能够有效去除废水中的污染物,对染料的平均去除率为81%～92.5%,对COD的平均去除率为89.4%～93.1%;出水水质比较稳定.在二级SBR系统中,厌氧污泥活性高,降解污染物能力强;好氧活性污泥形成团簇状结构,有利于稳定出水水质.     

HDTMA改性蒙脱土的稳定性

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMA)改性天然蒙脱土,观察其在不同环境条件下的稳定性.试验结果表明:随着阳离子交换量(CEC)的增加改性蒙脱土在蒸馏水中的稳定性逐渐降低,1.0CEC改性蒙脱土中HDTMA发生解吸.改性蒙脱土在水体中的稳定性随着振荡强度的加强而降低.从室温到70℃对改性蒙脱土的稳定性几乎无影响.超声波处理使改性蒙脱土的稳定性有所降低.NaCl能提高水体中改性蒙脱土的稳定性,而CaCl₂却使其稳定性有所下降.同酸性条件相比,在碱性条件下改性蒙脱土的稳定性更好.因此,废水的温度、pH和无机盐对低改性蒙脱土稳定性的影响都比较小,这为改性蒙脱土处理废水和它的再生提供了可能.同时在较低振荡强度下,改性蒙脱土也许还能成为废水生物处理的载体.     

Influence of low molecular weight anionic ligands on the sorption of heavy metals by soil constituents: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The sorption of heavy metals by soil constituents reduces the absorption of these pollutants by crops and vegetables, and thus limit food contamination. Low...     

浅埋衬砌隧道-邻近建筑地震动力相互作用IBEM模拟

采用高精度间接边界元方法(IBEM)考察地震波入射下隧道-邻近建筑物二维地震动力相互作用的规律。结果表明:建筑物与邻近隧道存在着明显的相互作用,整体动力反应规律取决于隧道,建筑物之间的空间位置关系、隧道埋深、入射波的频率和角度等因素。隧道位于建筑物正下方时,刚性衬砌隧道(相对围岩)对上部结构主要表现为隔震效应;隧道位于建筑物两侧时,隧道对建筑顶部位移有明显放大效应,最大可放大约40%。同时隧道应力也明显增大,最大可放大约43%。因此实际中需根据隧道-建筑物的空间位置关系,适当调整衬砌隧道与沿线建筑物的抗震设防水平。     

Purification of water contaminated with Hg using horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands

As a global pollutant, Hg (Hg) since the turn of the last century has received increased attention. Decreasing the emission of Hg into the food chain and the atmosphere is an effective way to reduce the Hg damage. The current study provided information about pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) to remove different Hg species in polluted water. Synthetic wastewater was fed to two HSSF CWs, one was planted with Acorus calamus L and the other was unplanted as a control. The total Hg (THg), dissolved Hg (DHg), and particulate Hg (PHg) from five sites along the HSSF CWs were analyzed to describe the process of Hg removal. Results show that the CWs have high removal efficiency of Hg which is more than 90%. The removal efficiencies of THg and DHg from the unplanted CW were 92.1?±?3.6% and 72.4?±?13.1%, respectively. While, the removal efficiencies of THg and DHg in planted CW were 95.9?±?7.5% and 94.9?±?4.9%, which were higher than that in blank CW. The PHg was mainly removed in the first quarter of the CWs, which was also revealed by the partition coefficient K_d. To a certain extent, the effect of plants depends on the hydraulic retention time (HRT). The results in the current study show the potential of the HSSF-CWs for restoration from Hg-contaminated water.

     

催化荧光法测定痕量亚硝酸根

本文研究了在稀磷酸介质中，亚硝酸根对溴酸钾氧化中笥红的反应，建立了催化荧光法测定痕量亚硝酸根的方法，实验表明，亚硝酸根在０．０５－０．４０μｇ．２５ｍｌ＾－１范围内与ΔＦ成线性关系，大多数常见的共存离子不影响其测定。本法用于水样中亚硝酸根的测定，结果比较满意。     

杭嘉湖蚕桑区主要大气氟污染源及治理现状

对杭嘉湖蚕桑区大气氟主要污染源——砖瓦厂氟的排放状况及各种含氟烟道废气治理装置的治理效果进行了较为深入的调查分析,认为砖瓦厂含氟废气不经烟道排放较为严重。目前砖瓦厂所采用的各种含氟废气治理装置中,旋流板塔装置除氟效率较佳,可使废气氟的排放浓度降至5mg/m~3以下,基本上能消除下风向300m以远的大气氟污染对蚕桑的严重危害。     

推进GIS在环境规划中应用的探讨

本文在分析了地理信息系统引入环境规划带来的优越性的基础上，通过对目前我国环境领域中ＧＩＳ应用现状及实例研究，得出要深化ＧＩＳ在我国环境科学中的应用，就必须加强ＧＩＳ上的模型分析，并最终建立起ＧＩＳ模型库。