SDS和PVP强化生物淋溶锰渣的性能

在生物淋溶锰渣的过程中,设置一系列浓度梯度(0～100 mg/L)的离子型表面活性剂SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)和非离子型表面活性剂PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮),研究两种活性剂对硫杆菌生长和对锰渣中锰的浸出率的影响.结果表明,两种表面活性剂均能有效强化硫杆菌对锰渣的淋溶性能,SDS和PVP的最佳浓度分别为35 mg/L和15 mg/L,在最佳浓度条件下,两者均能显著降低培养液的pH值,提高锰的浸出率,其浸出率分别达到88％和83％,均高于对照组的72％.进一步分析表明,SDS比PVP更能有效提高浸出体系的ORP电位,促进锰的浸出.电镜结果表明,在最佳浓度条件下,SDS比PVP更能有效促进硫杆菌对锰渣表面的侵蚀,降低锰渣的表面粒度,提高锰渣中锰的浸出率.     

中国安全生产标准实施情况的调查与分析

为深入了解安全生产标准的实施情况,运用情景分析法和专家分析法,根据标准获取情况、宣贯情况、标准适用性3个方面设计了调查问卷,首次对工矿商贸企业开展调查。研究结果表明:当前安全生产标准工作中存在着标准获取困难、宣贯不到位、部分标准适用性不强等问题。在分析原因的基础上,提出建立安全生产标准信息共享与咨询服务工作平台,建立标准宣贯长效工作机制,优化工作程序、提高标准质量等方面的建议,为加强安全生产标准工作提供参考。     

Research and proposal on selective catalytic reduction reactor optimization for industrial boiler

The advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software STAR-CCM+ was used to simulate a denitrification (De-NOx) project for a boiler in this paper, and the simulation result was verified based on a physical model. Two selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reactors were developed: reactor 1 was optimized and reactor 2 was developed based on reactor 1. Various indicators, including gas flow field, ammonia concentration distribution, temperature distribution, gas incident angle, and system pressure drop were analyzed. The analysis indicated that reactor 2 was of outstanding performance and could simplify developing greatly. Ammonia injection grid (AIG), the core component of the reactor, was studied; three AIGs were developed and their performances were compared and analyzed. The result indicated that AIG 3 was of the best performance. The technical indicators were proposed for SCR reactor based on the study.

Implications: Flow filed distribution, gas incident angle, and temperature distribution are subjected to SCR reactor shape to a great extent, and reactor 2 proposed in this paper was of outstanding performance; ammonia concentration distribution is subjected to ammonia injection grid (AIG) shape, and AIG 3 could meet the technical indicator of ammonia concentration without mounting ammonia mixer. The developments above on the reactor and the AIG are both of great application value and social efficiency.     

动态因子分析在环境监测数据综合处理中的应用

动态因子分析(DFA)作为降维度的多元统计方法,被设计用于时间序列分析,以揭示多元变量中解释变量与共同趋势对响应变量的影响程度。相较传统多元统计方法,DFA显性考虑时间因素,并量化影响响应变量的潜在因素。该方法可以忽略内在理化过程,具有良好的模拟效果,且在国外已广泛应用于地表水及地下水生态环境、空气污染等领域,但在国内尚未被应用。DFA在自身完善、应用范围、信息挖掘、数据预处理、预测分析、空间分析方面仍有巨大发展前景。     

基于QUAL2K模型的鹤壁卫河水质模拟预警研究

水质预报预警对于防范水污染、降低水污染风险及其带来的损失、保障用水安全及水环境质量等具有重大意义。提出了一种基于QUAL2K模型的水质模拟预警方法,包括水质模拟预测、预警指数计算和警情确定,以海河流域鹤壁市卫河为例进行实证研究。研究结果表明:基于QUAL2K模型模拟精度分别为COD 97.7%、NH_3-N 98.5%,水质模拟效果较好;所选河段预警时段内COD基本处于无警和轻警2个级别,氨氮大多是巨警,浓度严重超标,是导致监测断面预警指数高的主要原因。     

遥感和GIS在森林病虫害监测管理中的应用模式

介绍了遥感技术,地理信息系统技术在森林病虫害监测管理中的应用模式,以及整个系统的集成。在整个系统中遥感用于获取森林病虫害信息,地理信息系统用于管理和处理森林病虫害信息。同时,也说明了全球定位系统可用于定位采集地面数据和导路。     

氟化工园区及周边地下水健康风险及脆弱性评价

以阜新市某氟化工园区为研究对象,对园区及周边地下水样品中的Cr、As、Cu、Hg、Mn及F 6种元素分季节进行测定分析,采用美国环保署（US EPA）推荐的人体健康风险评价模型对重金属Cr、As、Cu、Hg、Mn及F进行地下水环境的人体健康风险评价,并应用DRASTIC模型评价该区域地下水的脆弱性.结果表明,研究区地下水受到重金属和氟化物的污染.健康风险评价表明,总致癌风险数量级在10^-5~10^-4之间,处于Ⅱ~Ⅳ级风险评价标准区间,总非致癌风险大于1,经饮水摄入途径引起的非致癌危害比皮肤接触途径高3~4个数量级.脆弱性评价表明,研究区的脆弱性指数DI范围为4.30~5.91,整体脆弱性处于Ⅲ级中等脆弱性水平.     

橡胶拉伸强度的测量不确定度评定解析

本文在介绍测量不确定度的概念、分类和评定方法的基础上,以橡胶拉伸强度的测试为例,对如何评定破坏性试验的测量不确定度进行了有益的尝试,并详细阐述了测量不确定度评定方法的具体应用。     

汉江下游干支流浮游植物群落特征及其对水质的指示评价

浮游植物群落的动态变化可以全面、真实地反映水质的优劣,有利于了解水体污染状况的发展趋势.为及时掌握汉江下游水质变化,基于2019年3—12月汉江下游干流及主要支流浮游植物和水体理化指标监测数据,分析了浮游植物群落结构特征,并通过冗余分析研究了影响浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子,同时运用浮游植物群落特征对汉江下游水质进行...     

Beijing's coordinated development of population,resources, environment,and economy

Since the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing at 2008, the urban development plan of Beijing deserves special attention. The essence of regional sustainable development is that population (P), resources (R), environment (E) and economy (E) could develop with sustenance, order and coordination during a certain period, which forms a complex system called the PREE complex system. For this system, a multi-objective integrated model is formulated and solved by a nonlinear goal programming technique. Beijing's PREE complex system is then used as an empirical study. Twelve interesting goals are carefully selected, the parameters of each goal function were estimated by using Beijing's 50-year (1949–1999) statistical data, and their ideal goal limits for 2000 and 2005 are chosen according to the 9th and 10th Five-Year Economic Development Plans of Beijing. The results showed that population size is the most sensitive element in Beijing's PREE complex system. Furthermore, some suggestions related to public policies about the urban development of Beijing are proposed.