基于遗传算法的门限自回归模型在海温预测中的应用

提出了建立门限自回归模型（ＴＡＲ）的一套简便通用的方法。用作者提出的改进遗传算法，可同时优化门限值和自回归系数，成功地解决了ＴＡＲ建模过程所涉及的大量复杂寻优工作这一难题，为ＴＡＲ模型的广泛应用提供了强有力的工具。实例计算的结果说明了这套方法的可行性和有效性，同时也说明了，通过门限值的控制作用，ＴＡＲ模型可以有效地利用如海洋资源所隐含的时序分段相依性这一重要信息，限制了模型误差，从而保证了ＴＡＲ模型预测性能的稳健性，提高了预测精度。该方法具有通用性，在各种非线性时序预测中具有重要的理论意义和应用价值     

Nonylphenol photodegradation by novel ternary MIL-100（Fe）/ZnFe2O4/PCN composite under visible light irradiation via double charge transfer process

Nonylphenol（NP） residues, as a typical endocrine disrupting chemical（EDC）, frequently exist in sewage, surface water, groundwater and even drinking water, which poses a serious threat to human health due to its bioaccumulation. In order to remove NP, a series of MIL-100（Fe）/Zn Fe₂O₄/flake-like porous carbon nitride（MIL/ZC） was synthesized through in-situ synthesis at room temperature. High performance of ternary MIL/ZC is used to degrade NP under visible light irradiation. ...     

Removal of humic substances from landfill leachate by Fenton oxidation and coagulation

In this study, chemical oxygen demand (COD) was characterized as total organic constituents and the isolated humic substances (HS) were characterized as an individual organic contaminant in landfill leachate. It was found that the HS content of landfill leachate was 83.3%. The results of laboratory tests to determine the roles of HS in reducing the organic content of landfill leachate during Fenton process are presented. Furthermore, the performances of oxidation and coagulation of Fenton reaction on the removal of HS and COD from leachate were investigated. The change curves of HS removal were similar to those of COD. The HS removal was 30% higher than COD removal, which indicated that HS were mostly degraded into various intermediate organic compounds but not mineralized by Fenton reagent. The oxidation removal was greatly influenced by initial pH relative to the coagulation removal. The oxidation and coagulation removals were linear dependent with hydrogen peroxide and ferrous dosages, respectively. Ferrous dosage greatly influenced the coagulation removal of COD at low ratio ([H₂O₂]/[Fe²⁺] < 3.0), but not at extremely high ratio ([H₂O₂]/[Fe²⁺] > 6.0). The coagulation removal of HS was not affected obviously by oxidation due to both Fenton oxidation and coagulation remove high molecular weight organics preferentially. Higher temperature gave a positive effect on oxidation removal at low Fe²⁺ dosage, but this effect was not obvious at high Fe²⁺ dosage.     

Application of Ag/AgBr/GdVO4 composite photocatalyst in wastewater treatment

Ag/AgBr/GdVO_4 composite photocatalysts were designed and synthesized in this paper.The physical and chemical structures, as well as optical properties of the synthesized composite were investigated via XRD, XPS, TEM, and UV–vis. It is found that the composite showed a ternary heterojunction structure of Ag, Ag Br and GdVO_4. Meanwhile, it has a high intensity of light current, indicating its high separation efficiency of electron and hole.Photocatalytic oxidation of rhodamine B(RhB) under visible light irradiation was performed to investigate the activity of the Ag/Ag Br/GdVO_4 composite. Result indicates that it shows excellent photocatalytic activity. Under visible light irradiation for 12 min, about 80% of Rh B(30 μmol/L) was degraded. The degradation rate is estimated to be 0.253 min1, which is three times higher than that of pure AgBr. The high photoactivity can be ascribed to the synergetic effect of Ag Br, GdVO_4, and Ag nanoparticle in separation of electron–hole pairs.     

滨海沙地木麻黄林生态系统的凋落物及其热值研究

采用定位研究的方法，在福建惠安赤湖防护林场定期收集木麻黄林分的凋落物，开展凋落物的归还量和热值的研究．结果表明，木麻黄林凋落物年归还量为14．17thm^-2 a^-1，小枝占总归还量的72．19％，其他各组分占27．81％．凋落物灰分含量：小枝4．39％～5．65％，枝条3．52％～5．65％，球果2．63％～4．23％；凋落物干重热值为：小枝20．51～21．68kJ／g，枝条19．63～20．21kJ／g，球果18．27～20．63kJ／g；凋落物去灰分热值为：小枝21．48～22．69kJ／g，枝条21．48～22．69kJ／g，球果18．91～21．49kJ／g．图1表8参26     

Fenton氧化法深度处理甲醛废水

采用Fenton氧化法深度处理经生化降解后的甲醛废水,结果表明,Fenton氧化法深度处理甲醛废水是可行的,在合适的反应条件下,降解初始COD为150 mg/L左右的甲醛废水,COD去除率达30%以上;Fe2+与H2O2的投加比例、投加量及投加方式、反应温度、pH、反应时间对处理效果都有不同程度的影响。     

我国清洁空气计划实施路径探究——以成本-效益视角下美国CAA经验为借鉴

近年来,中国雾霾问题已经成为严重公害,对中国造成巨大的经济、社会和健康成本。如何有效治理雾霾天气对我国环保部门构成重大挑战。文章通过对美国《清洁空气法》(Clean Air Act,CAA)做内容梳理,探讨美国环保署(Environmental Protection Agency,EPA)在CAA的授权范围内如何进行创造性工作,然后通过成本-收益分析,肯定1990年《清洁空气法》修正案(Clean Air Act Amendment,CAAA)执行以来取得的成就,最后借鉴CAA和EPA的创新性工作以探究我国清洁空气计划实施路径。     

锌铝水滑石负载羧酸基酞菁锌可见光降解水中氯苯酚

以锌铝类水滑石为载体,1.0%(质量分数)水溶性羧酸基酞菁锌为光敏剂,制备了不溶于水的负载型光敏剂,并对其结构进行表征.结果表明,在可见光和氧气作用下,该复合催化剂能够引发水中对氯苯酚、2,4-二氯苯酚和2,4,6-三氯苯酚的降解.但有机物降解的速率与载体的锌铝比和煅烧温度有关.研究表明,最佳的锌铝比和煅烧温度分别为2.0和300℃.在反应过程中,载体及其煅烧产物具有电子导体的功能,可加快光敏剂与氧气之间的电子转移过程,进而引发氯苯酚的降解.此外,该复合催化剂能被重复循环使用,但光敏活性逐渐降低.     

Variation characteristics of fine particulate matter and its components in diesel vehicle emission plumes

A rapid reaction occurs near the exhaust nozzle when vehicle emissions contact the air. Twenty diesel vehicles were studied using a new multipoint sampling system that is suitable for studying the exhaust plume near the exhaust nozzle. The variation characteristics of fine particle matter (PM_2.5) and its components in diesel vehicle exhaust plumes were analyzed. The PM_2.5 emissions gradually increased with increasing distance from the nozzle in the plume. Elemental carbon emissions remained basically unchanged, organic carbon and total carbon (TC) increased with increasing distance. The concentrations of SO₄^2?, NO₃^? and NH₄⁺ (SNA) directly emitted by the vehicles were very low but increased rapidly in the exhaust plume. The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reduced 42.7% TC, 40% NO₃^? emissions, but increased 104% SO₄^2? and 36% NH₄⁺ emissions, respectively. In summary, the SCR reduced 29% primary PM_2.5 emissions for the tested diesel vehicles. The NH₄NO₃ particle formation maybe more important in the plume, and there maybe other forms of formation of NH₄⁺ (eg. NH₄Cl). The generation of secondary organic carbon (SOC) plays a leading role in the generation of secondary PM_2.5. The SCR enhanced the formation of SOC and SNA in the plume, but comprehensive analysis shows that the SCR more enhanced the SNA formation in the plume, which is mainly new particles formation process. The inconsistency between secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and primary organic aerosol definitions is one of the important reasons for the difference between SOA simulation and observation.     

Coupled effects of fly ash and calcium formate on strength development of cemented tailings backfill

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cemented tailings backfill (CTB) is widely adopted to ensure the safety of underground goafs and mitigate environmental risks. Fly ash (FA) and...