Bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium in cole （Brassica campestris L.） and celery （Apium graveolens） grown in the polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China

A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium (Cd) in cole (Brassica campestris L.) and celery (Apium graveolens) grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China. The results showed that Cd in the unpolluted oasis soil was mainly bound to carbonate fraction (F2) and Fe-Mn oxide fraction (F3). However, marked change of Cd fractions was observed with increasing soil Cd concentrations, in which the concentration of Cd in F1 (exchangeable fraction), F2 and F3 increased significantly (p < 0.001 for F1, F2 and F3). The growth of cole and celery could be facilitated by low concentrations of Cd, but inhibited by high concentrations. The correlation analysis between the fraction distribution coefficient of Cd in the soil and Cd concentration accumulated in the two vegetables showed that Cd in F1 in the soil made the greatest contribution on the accumulation of Cd in the two vegetables. The high bio-concentration factor and the translocation factor of Cd in both cole and celery were observed, and Cd had higher accumulation in the edible parts of the two vegetables. Therefore, both cole and celery grown in Cd-polluted oasis soil have higher risk to human health. And the two vegetables are not suitable to be cultivated as vegetables consumed by human in the Cd-polluted oasis soil.     

便携式应急分合闸控制装置的研制及应用

针对 10 kV 柱上断路器的电磁操动机构在馈线远程终端(Feeder Terminal Unitm,FTU)直流电源消失或者容量不足时不能可靠合闸的问题,深入分析原因,研制了便携式应急分合闸控制装置,并应用到配电自动化调试及配电设备检修工作中。应用结果表明:便携式应急分合闸控制装置有效地满足了配电网停电检修时FTU及各类柱上配电设备对不间断电源的需求,应用范围广泛,安全可靠,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

重大疫情下疫苗冷链物流在物联网环境中的风险评估*

为识别和应对重大疫情下疫苗冷链过程中的风险,研究物联网环境中在人-机-环-管理下,以加工包装、储存、运输、装卸搬运、接种为风险链的评估指标体系,全面分析各个环节风险因素,提炼16个影响疫苗冷链质量安全风险点。根据因果关系将风险评价指标体系转换为贝叶斯网络结构,建立基于贝叶斯网络的风险评估模型,并使用GeNIe软件进行计算,搜索相关数据,以印度新冠疫苗冷链物流为实证案例检验模型。研究结果表明:重大疫情下疫苗冷链物流存在风险敏感点,必须明确防控重点,制定针对性控制措施,如加强人员培训、合理规划路径及接种点位置、加大设施设备检查与更新等,研究结果可为实现疫苗冷链物流的高效安全运转提供参考。     

基于星载雷达的洪水灾害淹没范围获取方法探讨

探讨了以星载雷达监测所获得的数据为数据源,提取洪水灾害淹没范围的基本原理和方法,并以１９９５年５月洞庭湖遭受洪水时所获得的ＪＥＲＳ－１ＳＡＲ数据为例,说明了该方法的应用及其有效性。     

天津市松针中可挥发全(多)氟取代烷基化合物的分布

本研究调查了天津市松针中6种可挥发PFASs的浓度水平,旨在探讨松针作为可挥发PFASs天然被动采样装置的可行性.结果表明,松针中可挥发PFASs的总浓度范围为0.43—45.69 ng·g-1(脂质),平均浓度4.92 ng·g-1(脂质),不同采样点PFASs的浓度水平存在差异.8∶2氟调醇和10∶2氟调醇是松针中的主要检出物,8∶2氟调醇的检出率高达85%,浓度在0.23—17.46 ng·g-1(脂质)之间,10∶2氟调醇全部被检出,浓度范围为0.43—28.23 ng·g-1(脂质);N-乙基全氟辛烷磺酰胺和N-乙基全氟辛烷磺酰胺基乙醇的检出率较低;而N-甲基全氟辛烷磺酰胺基乙醇和6∶2氟调醇在松针中未被检出.松针中氟调醇的浓度水平随着碳链长度增加而增加.与大气被动采样器相比,松针可作为被动采样的一种形式,从一定程度上反映大气中可挥发PFASs的浓度水平.     

2014年春季东海大面积甲藻赤潮的生态特征

为准确掌握东海近岸海域赤潮发生情况,深入了解东海海域赤潮发生时和未发生时的生态环境条件,根据浙江省舟山海洋生态环境监测站对东海近岸海域常年的监测结果,选定从杭州湾外侧向南到温州南麂列岛的东海近岸海域为赤潮高发区,开展生态环境研究.2014 年4 月和5 月利用专业海洋调查船,按《海洋监测规范》对东海赤潮高发海域进行了二次综合海洋生态环境调查,结果发现调查海域氮、磷营养盐含量普遍较高,4 月研究海域无机氮均值为0.406 mg·L^-1,活性磷酸盐均值0.013 mg·L^-1;5 月无机氮均值0.244 mg·L^-1,活性磷酸盐均值0.004 mg·L^-1.大多数样品无机氮超一类海水水质标准,尤其是4 月91.7%的样品超-类海水标准,5 月也有35.7%样品超-类海水标准.硝酸盐氮是无机氮的主要存在形式.2014 年5 月调查期间发生了大面积的赤潮,赤潮原因种是东海原甲藻（Prorocentrum donghaiense）,细胞密度平均在107/L 以上.分析赤潮发生前后的水环境变化,5 月调查海域海水温度有较大上升,各海域水温均超过了20 ℃,海域平均温度从4 月的15.9 ℃上升到5 月的21.9 ℃.通过本次研究发现在营养盐浓度普遍较高的调查海域,水温上升是引发赤潮的关键因素.使用专业统计软件SPSS17 发现赤潮藻类的细胞密度与水温、化学需氧量和溶解氧存在着极显著的正相关（P〈0.01）,与活性磷酸盐、硝酸盐氮和无机氮存在着显著负相关（P〈0.05）.另外本次调查还发现,大面积东海原甲藻赤潮暴发后,活性磷酸盐被大量消耗.综合目前有关东海原甲藻赤潮期间对活性磷酸盐的吸收动力学研究,发现今后应进一步加强这方面的调查研究.     

双酚A对哺乳类实验动物雄性生殖系统发育的影响

内分泌干扰物双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)对生殖系统尤其是雄性生殖系统的影响一直受到关注,然而目前相关研究中存在诸多不一致的结果.本文系统分析了低剂量BPA对哺乳类实验动物大鼠和小鼠雄性生殖系统发育影响的文献,重点关注睾丸和附睾的质量、睾丸组织学结构、附属腺和外生殖器参数、肛殖距、精子参数和性激素水平等指标的变化,并探讨了实验结果与实验设计某些因素的相关性.经分析发现,妊娠期BPA暴露对实验鼠雄性生殖系统的影响呈现比较一致的阳性结果,但是哺乳期暴露和妊娠至哺乳期的暴露存在很多矛盾的结果;而动物品系、给药方式等因素与实验结果之间没有明确的关系,即便相似甚至相同的实验设计下也出现了不同的结果.进一步分析发现,有些研究在实验质量控制方面存在一定的缺陷,这可能是造成矛盾结果的主要原因.综合来看,BPA在器官水平和组织病理学水平对雄性生殖系统发育的影响较弱,基于此类指标的效应判断容易受到实验设计因素和质量控制的影响,最终可能导致不一致的结果.由此建议,今后相关研究在加强质量控制的同时,应重点关注BPA对细胞和分子层面的损伤.     

Electro-catalytic activity of CeOx modified graphite felt for carbamazepine degradation via E-peroxone process

•CeO_x/GF-EP process had the better degradation efficiency than GF-EP process. •CeO_x/GF-EP process had the flexible application in the pH range from 5.0 to 9.0. •CeO_x could enhance surface hydrophilicity and reduce the charge-transfer resistance. •The interfacial electron transfer process was revealed. E-peroxone (EP) was one of the most attractive AOPs for removing refractory organic compounds from water, but the high energy consumption for in situ generating H₂O₂ and its low reaction efficiency for activating O₃ under acidic conditions made the obstacles for its practical application. In this study, cerium oxide was loaded on the surface of graphite felt (GF) by the hydrothermal method to construct the efficient electrode (CeO_x/GF) for mineralizing carbamazepine (CBZ) via EP process. CeO_x/GF was an efficient cathode, which led to 69.4% TOC removal in CeO_x/GF-EP process with current intensity of 10 mA in 60 min. Moreover, CeO_x/GF had the flexible application in the pH range from 5.0 to 9.0, TOC removal had no obvious decline with decrease of pH. Comparative characterizations showed that CeO_x could enhance surface hydrophilicity and reduce the charge-transfer resistance of GF. About 5.4 mg/L H₂O₂ generated in CeO_x/GF-EP process, which was 2.1 times as that in GF-EP process. The greater ozone utility was also found in CeO_x/GF-EP process. More O₃ was activated into hydroxyl radicals, which accounted for the mineralization of CBZ. An interfacial electron transfer process was revealed, which involved the function of oxygen vacancies and Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ redox cycle. CeO_x/GF had the good recycling property in fifth times’ use.     

Broadening of appropriate demulsifier dosage range for latex-containing wastewater by sulfate addition

Investigation of demulsification of polybutadiene latex (PBL) wastewater by polyaluminum chloride (PAC) indicated that there was an appropriate dosage range for latex removal. The demulsification mechanism of PAC was adsorption-charge neutralization and its appropriate dosage range was controlled by zeta potential. When the zeta potential of the mixture was between -15 and 15 mV after adding PAC, the demulsification effect was good. Decreasing the latex concentration in chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 8.0 g/L to 0.2 g/L made the appropriate PAC dosage range narrower and caused the maximum latex removal efficiency to decrease from 95% to 37%. Therefore, more accurate PAC dosage control is required. Moreover, adding 50 mg/L sulfate broadened the appropriate PAC dosage range, resulting in an increase in maximum latex removal efficiency from 37% to 91% for wastewater of 0.2 g COD/L. The addition of sulfate will favor more flexible PAC dosage control in demulsification of PBL wastewater.

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贵州高原普定水库水环境重金属的时空分布特征及风险评价

为了解乌江上游普定水库水环境中重金属污染水平及其污染程度,于2018年对普定水库表层水体以及表层沉积物6种重金属（Hg、As、Cu、Ni、Cd、Pb）含量及其时空分布进行了研究,并分别采用综合污染指数评价法、地积累指数评价法和潜在生态风险指数法对表层水体和表层沉积物的污染程度和生态风险进行了评价.结果表明:①普定水库表层水体ρ（Hg）、ρ（As）、ρ（Cu）、ρ（Ni）、ρ（Cd）、ρ（Pb）的范围分别为（0.004±0.003）（0.050±0.044）（4.225±3.117）（18.343±17.093）（0.845±0.739）（6.155±5.747）μg/L,其中ρ（Hg）、ρ（As）、ρ（Ni）、ρ（Cd）、ρ（Pb）在季节性变化上具有相似规律,均表现为冬季>秋季>春季>夏季,ρ（DO）与ρ（Hg）、ρ（As）和ρ（Cu）均呈显著相关,说明这3种重金属含量可能受到ρ（DO）影响.②普定水库表层沉积物w（Hg）、w（As）、w（Cu）、w（Ni）、w（Cd）、w（Pb）的范围分别为（0.06±0.02）（14.75±4.88）（166.60±74.74）（87.43±51.18）（1.89±0.26）（206.34±110.33）mg/kg,其中w（Pb）、w（Cd）和w（Cu）平均值分别为贵州省土壤元素背景值的6.0、5.8和5.0倍;重金属含量沿程分布特征存在季节性差异,w（Cd）、w（Pb）、w（Hg）、w（Cu）、w（Ni）在秋冬季最高,w（Cd）、w（Pb）、w（Hg）沿程逐渐升高,在大坝口达到最高值,呈现出明显的空间分布特征,表明从上游到下游重金属污染逐渐严重.③采用综合污染指数法分析表明,普定水库水质未受到重金属污染;采用地累积指数法评价表明,普定水库表层沉积物以Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd污染为主;潜在生态风险指数法表明,Cd和Pb具有较高的风险值,是普定水库重金属生态风险的主要来源.研究显示,普定水库水环境主要受外源污染,矿山开采以及冶炼活动可能是造成重金属含量较高的主要原因之一,因此需要加强普定水库水环境重金属综合治理,尤其是对Cd和Pb污染的治理.