黑龙江省中部漫川漫岗区坡耕地的治理──垄作区田水土保持措施的应用

本文对黑龙江省中部漫川漫岗侵蚀区坡耕地利用现状和采取的水土保持耕作措施进行了总结分析，提出了在黑龙江省坡耕地治理中应用垄作区田技术标准和发展方向。     

Analysis of China''s Water Security and Virtual Water Trade

Producing goods and services all needs water consumption. The water used in the process of an agricultural or industrial product is called the "Virtual Water" contained in this product.Through international trade, water-scarce countries and regions could purchase water-intensive products--especially foods, from water-rich countries to balance their water deficits and achieve water safety. China is one of the 13 most water-deficit countries whose water safety have been severely challenged. This paper generalized the recent global research development and made a brief introduction about the methods calculating virtual water content in specific products. As a case study, we qualified China's annual virtual water flows from year 2000 to 2002 with trade in crops, and ended with some policy advice for application and practice of virtual water strategy.     

Ecotourism Model and Benefits of Periphery Regions in Western Sichuan Province

There are many problems in the minority regions of western Sichuan Province, such as serious soil erosion, fragile ecological environment, low levels of economy and so on. Ad-vantages of tourism resources in the "periphery regions" should be fully utilized, and "multi-tourism" meets the characteristics and present situation of the minority regions. The "multi-tourism de-velopment model" can exert the functions of tourism as the key industry. Based on the demands and the internal linkages among different industries, the model can accelerate the development of related-industries, such as eco-agriculture, eco-industry and so on. Through implementing the multi-tourism model, we can fully utilize the advantages of the periphery regions and promote the sustainable development of regional economy.     

济南市大气颗粒物特征及来源的研究

在济南市区设11个点位,在不同季节采集大气颗粒物,其中五个点位用六级串级式采样器采集飘尘样。样品分析了40多种元素、非金属和有机物,并分析了不同粒径中苯并(a)芘含量。应用富集因子计算并提出富集值大干5(EF>5)为污染富集的论点;摸清了济南大气颗粒物的理化特征及粒径分布规律;用化学质量平衡(CMB_7)法探寻了颗粒物来源。     

滇池水华蓝藻干粉制剂的生物脱毒实验

滇池属长江流域的一个内陆湖泊，近年来水体富营养化日益严重，每年夏季都出现大面积的水华。由品种单一，主要为蓝藻门，其中微囊藻是优势种，产生的微囊藻毒素具有很强的毒性。本实验以富营养化湖湖滇池中的水华蓝藻作为主要原料，将其制成干粉后，利用双协菌株在28－32℃条件下对其进行固态发酵，培养基质初始水份为65％。发酵培养2d后，培养基质中微囊藻毒素含量明显降低，6d后，基质中微囊藻毒素含量未检出（最低浓度检测限1μg/mg）。同时对实验所获得时间序列进行动力学研究，结果表明利用双协菌降解微囊藻毒毒的反应为准一级动力学反应。     

Influence of hydroxypropylcyclodextrins on the toxicity of mixtures

We studied the influence of hydroxypropylcyclodextrins (HPCDs) on the toxicity of some mixtures. Using the Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test, the joint toxicological effect for Mixture I (containing p-nitrobenzaldehyde and 1-nitronaphthalene) and Mixture II (containing p-nitrobenzaldehyde and malononitrile) were determined in water and in aqueous solutions of HPCDs. The results indicate that, although the toxicological joint effect for Mixture I (simple addition) differs from that of Mixture II (synergism), alpha- and beta-HPCD can significantly reduce the toxicity of the test compounds, whereas gamma-HPCD has only a slight effect. Explanations for these observations are given that invoke the molecular structure of the individual chemicals as well as the structures of HPCDs. This provides information to assist the application of HPCDs in remediation of environmental pollution.     

耕地不同产量水平的面积与分布监测法

查清中低产田的面积、分布与开发条件是制定农业综台开发规划的重要依据。采用按公里网布设的农业资源动态监测系统,开展对耕地不同产量水平的面积与分布的动态监测,其方法具有准确、简便和实用的特点。     

等效温度曲线的数值拟合

通风空调工程中,等效温度是衡量气候舒适程度的主要指标.传统的查图法求解等效温度不仅繁琐,而且不准确.本文以等效温度为基础,在等效温度图中取值,运用Matlab拟合数据,并进行坐标变换,求解出干球温度、湿球温度及风速之间的规律,推导出等效温度的数值求解方法.经实例计算和误差分析证明,此数值解法较为准确.     

Biosorption of Cu2+ from aqueous solutions by pretreated Cladosporium sp

In this paper, adsorption properties of a pretreated of Cladosporium sp. for Cu2 were studied. The fungi pretreated with some chemical reagents exhibited higher Cu2+ removal capacities than native biomass. The optimum chemical reagent was 0.2M NaOH. After 0.2M NaOH pretreatment, optimum conditions of biosorption were found to be pH 5.0, temperature 35 degrees C, and stirring speed of 100rpm. Equilibrium isotherms were obtained from adsorption experiments and the biosorption maximun capacity obtained was at 28.31mg/g. The biosorbed metal ions were effectively eluted by 0.05M HNO3 solution. After eluting, the biosorbed metal ions biomass was regenerated by washing with deionized water and then contacted with a solution containing 0. 1M of Ca2+, Mg2+ ions before further adsorption tests. The pretreated fungi biomass could be used for three cycles: biosorption, elution of biosorbed ion, regeneration of biomass.     

Toxicity of copper on rice growth and accumulation of copper in rice grain in copper contaminated soil

Pot soil experiments showed that copper (Cu) is highly toxic to rice. Rice grain yields decreased exponentially and significantly with the increase of soil Cu levels. Rice grain yield was reduced about 10% by soil Cu level of 100 mg kg(-1), about 50% by soil Cu level of 300-500 mg kg(-1) and about 90% by soil Cu concentration of 1,000 mg kg(-1). Root was more sensitive to soil Cu toxicity than other parts of rice plant at relatively lower soil Cu levels (less than 300-500 mg kg(-1)), but the growth of whole rice plant was severely inhibited at high soil Cu levels (300-500 mg kg(-1) or above). Cu concentrations in rice grain increased with soil Cu levels below 150-200 mg kg(-1), but decreased with soil Cu levels above 150-200 mg kg(-1), with peak Cu concentration at soil Cu level of 150-20 mg kg(-1). Cu was not distributed evenly in different parts of rice grain. Cu concentration in cortex (embryo) was more than 2-fold that in chaff and polished rice. More than 60% of the Cu in grain was accumulated in polished rice, about 24% in cortex (embryo), and about 12% in chaff. So, about 1/3 of the Cu in rice grain was eliminated after grain processing (chaff, cortex and embryo was removed).